A wasu jihohin Najeriya, an samu bullar cutar sanƙarau, wadda ke haddasa ciwo mai tsanani kamar riƙewar wuya da sauransu. A tarihi, ba a san ƙasar da cutar sanƙarau ta samo asali daga gare ta ba, amma an fara samun rahotonta a birnin Geneva na ƙasar Switzerland a ƙarni na 19.
An fara gano cutar ne a marasa lafiya da suka nuna alamun riƙewar wuya, zazzabi mai tsanani, da matsalolin kwakwalwa bayan an yi musu gwaji. Akwai nau’o’in cutar da ke yaɗuwa daga mutum zuwa mutum da kuma waɗanda ba sa yaɗuwa. Sanƙarau na ƙwayoyi cuta (Bacterial Meningitis) suna da saurin yaɗuwa ta hanyar tari, atishawa, sumbata, ko kasancewa kusa da mai ɗauke da cutar, musamman a wuraren taruwar jama’a kamar makarantu da sansanonin sojoji. Sai dai nau’in sanƙarau (Fungal Meningitis) ba ya yaɗuwa daga mutum zuwa mutum, amma ya fi shafar mutanen da ke da raunin garkuwar jiki.
Haka kuma, akwai sanƙarau wanda ke samuwa ta hanyar shan ruwan da ya gurɓata da ƙwayoyin cuta ko wasu nau’ikan tsutsotsi.
A Najeriya, an fara samun ɓullar sanƙarau tun a shekarar 1905, amma ɓarkewar cutar mafi muni ta faru a 1996, inda aka samu fiye da mutum 109,000
da suka kamu da cutar tare da mutuwar 11,000 a Najeriya da wasu ƙasashen yammacin Afirka.
A baya-bayan nan, tsakanin 2023 zuwa 2025, cutar ta fi tsanani a jihohin Yobe, Gombe, Bauchi, Jigawa, Katsina, da Sokoto, inda aka samu rahoton mutum 4,915 da ake zargi sun kamu da cutar, tare da 361 daga cikinsu sun rasu a jihohi 24.
Yayin da cutar ke ci gaba da yaɗuwa, gwamnati da hukumomi na ƙoƙarin daƙile ta. A Jihar Kebbi, an ware N30 miliyan domin sayen magunguna da kayan agaji, sannan hukumar yaƙi da cututtuka ta Najeriya (NCDC) ta kafa cibiyoyin keɓewa tare da ƙaddamar da rigakafin sanƙarau (Men5CV) a shekarar 2024, bisa shawarar hukumar lafiya ta duniya (WHO).
Ana iya kare kai ta hanyar yin rigakafi, gujewa wuraren cunkoson jama’a, tsafta, da kuma ƙarfafa garkuwar jiki. Idan aka gano cutar da wuri, ana iya magance shi da Corticosteroids domin rage kumburin kwakwalwa da kuma antibiotics da ake bai wa mara lafiya ta hanyar jijiya (IV).
Sanƙarau na fungi kuma ana magance shi da magungunan kashe fungi (antifungal medications), musamman ga mutanen da ke da raunin garkuwar jiki.
Alamomin cutar sun haɗa da ciwon kai mai tsanani, kasala, riƙewarwuya, zazzaɓi da rawan jiki, amai ko tashin zuciya, rikicewa ko matsalar tunani, da kuma jin zafi idan haske ya shigo ido.
A cikin jarirai, cutar na iya bayyana ta hanyar rashin shan nono da kyau, amai, riƙewarwuya, yawan kuka, da zazzaɓi mai tsanani. Duk da cewa sanƙarau ba cuta ce ta gado ba, yana iya shafar jarirai, yara, da manya.