Rahotanni daga Hukumar kula da lafiya ta duniya (wato WHO) sun nuna cewa, aƙalla gurɓata muhalli ya na sanadiyyar salwantar rayukan kusan mutum miliyan 10 a duniya a cikin kowace shekara.
Wani babban abin tashin hankalin shi ne Nijeriya na daga cikin ƙasashen Afirika da wannan matsala ta yi ƙamari a cikinta, kuma ita ce ta huɗu a cikin jerin ƙasashen duniya da ake fama da wannan matsala ta gurɓata muhalli. Domin kuwa ƙididdiga ta nuna cewa, duk cikin ’yan Nijeriya dubu ɗari, akwai mutum ɗari da hamsin da ke mutuwa sakamakon shƙar gurɓatacciyar iska a kowace shekara.
A ƙasar Afganistan mutum 406, a Pakistan 207, a Indiya 195 ke mutuwa daga cikin mutum 100,000 a kowace shekara, in aka kwatanta da Nijeriya sai a ga abin ba kyau. Hatta na ƙasashen da suke da manyan masana’antu za ka ga akwai dama-dama, ƙasashe irin su Chana wadda mutum 117 ke mutuwa daga cikin mutum 100,000; Rasha mutum 62; Jamane mutum 22; Tarayyar Turai 21; Amurka, 21; Jafan, 13, sai kuma Kanada mai mutum 12.
Kamar yadda wani rahoton shekara da ya fito daga ‘Health Effectibe Institute’ wanda mujallar ‘Global Air Report’ ta wallafa ya nuna cewa, Nijeriya da wasu ƙasashe 10 na daga cikin muhallin da za a iya shaƙar gurɓatacciyar iskar da za a mutu, sakamakon amfani janaratoci da hayaƙin da ababen hawa ke fitarwa da ƙona daji da ƙona shara da makamantansu. Sannan kuma daga cikin abubuwan da ke gurɓata iskar akwai yoyon iskar Gas kamar abin da ke faruwa a jihar Ribas da wasu makwabtanta.
A rahoton WHO na shekara ta 2020 ya nuna cewa, Anaca da Kaduna da Aba da Umuahiya na daga cikin manyan birane 20 a Afirka da suka fi fama da gurɓacewar iska.
Haka kuma rahoton ya ci gaba da cewa, kusan birane 3,000 da ke faɗin duniya, aƙalla waɗanda ke da yawan jama’ar da suka kai mutum miliyan 100,000 ke fama da matsalar gurɓacewar iska. Bugu da ƙari, kuma an bayyana cewa, garin birnin Kaduna da Aba da Umaahiya da ke da matsayin na 8 da 9 da kuma 19 daga cikin birane 20 na fama da gurvacewar iska.
Masana sun nuna cewa akwai nau’i iri biyu na gurɓacewar iska, gurɓacewa ta hanyar iskar Gas da kuma hayaƙi. Kowane nau’i daga cikinsu babbar illa ne, musamman ga rayuwar ƙananan yara. Bincike ya nuna cewa kashi 93 daga cikin kashi 100 na yara ’yan ƙasa da shekara 15 na shaƙar gurɓatacciyar iska. Haka kuma yaro ɗaya na mutuwa daga cikin yara 4 sakamakon shaƙar gurɓatacciyar iska. Gurɓatacciyar iskar ta fi yi wa yaran illa ne saboda suna ɗaurin shaƙar iska akai-akai. Bayan kisan yara ƙanana da gurɓatacciyar iskar ke yi tana kuma haifar musu da cututtuka iri daban-daban.
Ga manya kuma, shaƙar gurɓatacciyar iska ita ke haifar da mutuwar kashi 1 daga cikin kashi 4 na jama’a sakamakon ciwon zuciya, kashi 25 daga cikin 100 sakamakon shanyewar jiki, kashi 43 daga cikin 100 miyagun cututtuka sannan sai kashi 25 daga cutar kansa.
Idan ana shan taba kuma babu abinci mai kyau suka kuma haɗu da hawan jini, abu na huɗu da zai taimaka wajen kashe mutum ita ce gurɓatacciyar isaka.
An lura cewa wannan annoba ta gurɓacewar iska ta fi yawaita a ƙasashe masu ƙaranci da matsakaicin tattalin arziki, kamar ƙasar Asiya da nahiyar Afirika da kuma ƙasashen da ke yankin Gabashin tekun Meditireniyan irin su; ƙasar Turai da Amurka.
Wani nazari ya yi kiyasin cewa gurɓatar muhalli ya haddasa mutuwar mutum miliyan 9 kafin tsufansu cikin shekara ta 2015 a duniya.
Nazarin ya ƙalailaice bayanai na cutukan da ke da nasaba da gurɓatar yanayi irinsu ciwon zuciya da shanyewar ɓarin jiki.
Alƙaluman mace-macen wuri sun ɗauki kaso kimanin 16 cikin 100 na duk mutuwar da aka yi a faɗin duniya.
Ɗaya daga masu binciken, Richard Fuller, ya ce, talakawa sun fi saurin mutuwa kafin ƙarewar ƙarfinsu saboda gurɓacewar muhalli.
Kusan duk mace-macen da ake samu kafin tsufa, na faruwa ne a ƙasashen da ake da ƙaranci ko matsaikaicin samu na duniya.
Ƙasashen Bangladesh da Somalia su ne ƙasashen da aka fi samun irin wannan matsalar a cewar nazarin, yayin da ƙasashen Brunei da Sweden kuma su ne ba a fiye samun mace-mace sakamakon gurɓatar yanayi ba.
Yawancin mace-macen da ake samu waɗanda ke da nasaba da gurɓatar muhalli sun haɗa da ciwon zuciya da shanyewar varin jiki da kuma cutar kansa ko dajin hunhu.
Ganin hatsarin da ke tattare da shaƙar gurɓatacciyar iskar tuni ƙasashen da suka ci gaba suka miƙe tsaye wajen kawo ƙarshenta kuma sun samu nasara a kan yin hakan, saboda haka yanzu ba sa fuskantar irin wannan barazana ta shaƙar gurɓatacciyar iska.
Shawarwarin da muke bayarwa da kuma fatanmu a nan shi ne masu ruwa da tsaki da ke da alhakin kula da daƙile hanyoyin gurɓacewar iska su fahimci irin mummunar illar da ta ke da ita a cikin al’umma, sannan kuma su sani cewa, ya zama wajibi su tashi tsaye wajen kawo ƙarshen gurɓacewar iska a ƙasar nan. Haka kuma muna kira da babbar murya ga gwamnati ta samar da hanyoyin da za a kawar da gurɓata iska, sannan a hukunta duk wanda ya yi kunnen ƙashi ya karya dokar don ya zama darasi ga na baya.