Daga MAHD M. MUHAMMAD
Kano, gari ne mai daɗaɗɗen tarihi, garin da a wannan shekara (2021) ya kai kimanin shekaru dubu biyu da goma sha bakwai (999 zuwa 2021). Gari ne da ya fara daga sansanin mafarauta a mafi shaharar ruwayoyi, har ya zama katafaren birni sannan ya rikiɗe ya koma masaurauta, sannan ya koma lardi, daga bisani kuma ya zama Jiha mafi yawan jama’a a duk faɗin Ƙasar Nijeriya.
Wannan Jiha daga shekarar da aka ƙirƙire ta zuwa yau, ta samu jagorancin gwamnoni har goma sha shida daga shekarar haihuwarta 1967 zuwa 2021.
Akwai gurare masu daɗaɗɗen tarihi a wannan Jiha da suka haɗa da duwatsun Dala, Goron Dutse, Magwan, da kuma Dutsen Fanisau. Sannan kuma akwai muhimman gurare da abubuwan tarihi da suka haɗa da ganuwa da ƙofofin gari, gidajen sarauta, da masallatai waɗanda aka giggina tun zamanin sarakunan baya, Marina, Majema da sauransu.
Kasuwanci da sana’a, na zamani da na ɗauri, kai ka ce ba wani gari in ba Kano ba. Sana’o’in ƙira, farauta, fatauci, wanzanci, ɗinki, jima, rini, da sauransu, duk ana yi a Kano tun daga 999 har zuwa 2021. Waɗannan sana’o’i su suka haifar da kasuwannin da suka zama manya a Afirka.
Tabbas, ba zai yiwu duniya ta manta da Kasuwar Kurmi ba, haka nan Kasuwar Kantin Kwari, Babbar kasuwar kayan amfanin gona ta Dawanau, ƙwarai, wannan kasuwa ta kere duk sa’o’inta a iya faɗin Afirka. Akwai wasu kasuwannin kamar irin su Kasuwar Ujile, Kasuwar Mariri, Kasuwar Ƙofar Wambai, Kasuwar Rimi, Kasuwar Sabon Gari, Kasuwar ‘Yan Lemo, Kasuwar ‘Yankaba, da sauransu. Duk a Kano suke da ma waɗanda ban kawo a wannan rubutun nawa ba.
Kafuwar Jihar Kano:
Shugaban mulkin soja, Manjo Janar Yakubu Gowon, shi ya ƙirƙiri jihar Kano tare da sauran wasu jahohi goma sha ɗaya a cikin watan Yuli (July) na shekarar 1967. Wannan jiha, ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga watan Afirilu na shekarar 1968. Wato kenan, an ƙirƙiri jihar Kano bayan samun ‘yancin Nijeriya da shekaru bakwai.
Tun kafin wannan lokacin, Kano tana daga cikin lardunan Arewa da ke da babbar helikwata a Kaduna.
Babbar manufar Shugaba Yakubu Gowon ta kafa waɗannan Jihohi ita ce kusanta jama’a da gwamnati da kuma kusanto da gwamnati ga jama’a. Wato kenan ya zama jama’a sun je kusa da gwamnati ita ma kuma gwamnatin ta kusancin jama’a.
Kano a Daular Shehu Ɗan Fodiyo:
Tun da farko, Kano masarauta ce mai zaman kanta wacce tarihin ta ke farawa daga 999, har zuwa 1807 inda ta koma ƙarƙashin daular Shehu Usmanu ɗan Fodio, wacce ke da helikwata a Sakkwato, sakamakon Jahadi da Shehu Ɗan Fodiye da almajiransa suka zo da shi, suka kuma yi nasarar fatattakar sarkin wannan lokacin daga fadarsa, sannan suka kafa tutar Musulunci ƙarƙashin Jagoranci Mujadaddadi Shehu Usmanu Ɗan Fodiyo. Wannan ta faru a lokacin Sarki Muhammadu Alwali Ɗan Yaji, a shekarar 1807 Miladiyya.
Kano a Mulkin Turawa:
Duk da cewa muna nan tafe maku da yadda yaqin Turawa a ƙasar Kano ya kaya, amma za mu so mu ɗan bayyana kaɗan anan: Bayan tsawon shekaru casa’in da shida da Faruwar Jahadin Shehu Usmanu Ɗan Fodiyo wanda ya haifar da komawar masarautar Kano ƙarƙashin Daularsa, sai kuma Turawa suka shigo suka karkatar da akalar mulkin masarautar Kano zuwa ƙarƙashinsu amma ba kai tsaye ba. Sun yi wani salon mulki da aka kira ‘mulki a fakaice’, wato (indirect rule) a Turance. Hakan ta faru ne sakamakon kyakkyawan tsarin gudanar da mulkin da suka zo suka taras masarautar Kano da ma sauran masarautun ƙasar Hausa suke da shi na tsarin Sarki, Hakimi, Dagaci, sannan Mai Unguwa da sauran muƙarraban su. Sai suka yi amfani da wannan dama suka kafa wata hukuma da suka kira Hukumar Gargjiya (Native Authority) wacce aka fi kira da gajeren sun na (NA). Wannan ta faru a shekarar 1903.
Masarautun Haɗeja, Kazaure, da Gumel duk sun kuɗe su cikin waccar hukuma, su ka koma ƙarƙashin Lardin Kano, maimakon zamansu na masarautu masu cin gashin kansu.
Lardin Kano (Kano Province):
Bayan da Turawa suka samu nasarar murqushe manyan masarautun Ƙasar Hausa, sai kuma suka rarraba su zuwa larduna. Kano, tana ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan larduna na Arewa. Wannan lardi na Kano yana da yankuna guda huɗu a ƙarƙashin sa da suka haɗa da masarautar Kano a matsayin helikwata, Haɗeja, Gumel da kuma Kazaure. Tun zamani mulkin Turawa, Kano ta ke a wannan hali har zuwa lokacin da ta samu Jiha a cikin shekarar 1967.
Jihar Kano:
Bayan shekaru bakwai da samun ‘yancin kan Nijeriya, wannan gari mai tarin albarka ya zama jaha, a cikin shekarar 1967.
Wannan Jiha tana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman Jihohin Najeriya, kuma kusan a yanzu ita ce cibiyar arewacin Nijeriya ta fuskacin hada-hadar kasuwanci da siyasa. Ita ce Jiha mafi yawan jama’a a duk faɗin Nijeriya kamar yadda sakamakon ƙidayar jama’a da aka gudanar a 2005 ya tabbatar.
Yanayi da Faɗin Ƙasa:
Jihar Kano tana da faɗin ƙasa da ya kai murabba’in kilomita dubu ashirin da ɗari bakwai da sittin (20,760km2). Yanayin zafi da sanyi yakan motsa a tsakanin 330C zuwa 15.850C a lokacin zafi. Sannan kuma yakan faɗi zuwa 100C a lokacin sanyi.
Haɓaka da girman jihar Kano:
Asali, wannan Jiha ta ɗora ne daga abin da ta gada na gudanarwa daga Hukumar Gargajiya (Native Authority), wacce ke da yankuna guda huɗu ƙarƙashin masarautun Kano, Haɗeja, Gumel da Kazaure, ba tare da ragi ko ƙari ba.
Ana cikin tafiya a kan wannan tsari, sai a cikin shekarar 1969, gwamnan wannan lokaci wato Audu Baƙo, ya mayar da ita gundumomi takwas. Biyar daga ciki an yi su ne a masarautar Kano, sauran ukun kuma da suka haɗa da masarautar Hadeja, Kazaure, da Gumel, duk aka bar su a matsayin gunduma ɗai-ɗai.
A Masarautar Kano an yi gundumomin Birnin Kano (Kano Metropolitan) wanda ke da helikwata a cikin Birni, sai kuma Kano ta Tsakiya (Kano Central), mai helikwata a Ɗambatta, sai kuma Kano ta Yamma (Kano West), mai helikwata a Gwarzo, sai kuma Kano ta Gabas (Kano East), mai helikwata a Birnin Kudu, sannan sai Kano ta Kudu (Kano South), mai helikwata a Rano.
An sake samun sauyi ko faɗaɗar waɗannan gundumomin mulki zuwa ƙanan hukumomi a shekarar 1976, a lokacin da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi dokar ƙananan hukumomi. Waɗancan yankuna guda takwas su aka farfasa suka koma ƙananan hukumomi guda ishirin. Goma sha shida daga masarautar Kano, biyu daga Haɗeja, Kazaure da Gumel kuma kowace a matsayin ƙaramar hukuma guda. Wannan ta faru ne a lokacin Gwamnan Kano Kanal Sani Bello.
A cikin shekarar 1979, da Marigayi gwamna Rimi ya ci mulkin jihar Kano, shima ya bada tasa gudunmawar wajen ƙara yawan waɗannan ƙananan hukumomi daga 20 zuwa 29. Wato ya ƙara nasa guda 9 kenan. Babbar manufarsa ita ce ƙara kusanta mulki zuwa ga jama’a da kuma kusanto da jama’a zuwa ga mulki, da kuma bayar da dama ga jama’a su bada tasu gudunmawar domin kawo ci gaba.
A cikin shekarar 1984, bayan ƙarewar wa’adin zangon mulkin farko na jamhuriyya ta biyu; da kuma farkon wa’adin zangon mulki na biyu a wannan jamhuriyyar, sai shugaba Muhammadu Buhari ya juya akalar mulkin ƙasar zuwa gidan soja. Saboda ta’annuti da dukiyar ƙasa da ‘yan siyasa ke yi; kamar yadda shugaban ya ambata. Saboda haka daga cikin matakan da ya ɗauka na rage yadda ake ragargazar kuɗaɗe, akwai rage yawan irin waɗannan qananan hukumomi da ‘yan siyasa kamar irin su marigayi Muhammad Abubakar Rimi suka yi. Saboda haka waɗannan ƙananan hukumi guda tara sai aka dulmiyar da su. Yanzu kenan ƙananan hukumomin Kano sun sake komawa ishirin.
A cikin shekarar 1991, lokacin da shugaba Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida ya ke shugabancin Nijeriya, sai ya gutsure Kano, ya rage mata faɗin ƙasa, ya ƙirƙiri jihar Jigawa. Faruwar wannan al’amari ya kawo ɓantare waɗancan masarautu guda uku, Haɗeja, Gumel, da Kazaure suka faɗa Jihar Jigawa. Bayan raba Kano biyu kuma sai ya sake ƙara mata yawan ƙananan hukumomi guda goma sha huɗu inda yawan ƙananan hukumomin Kano ya koma 34.
Marigayi Janar Muhammadu Abacha, ya sake ƙarawa Kano ƙananan hukumomi guda goma, a cikin shekarar 1996, inda yawan ƙananan hukumomin na Kano ya koma 44. Tun daga waccar shekara ta 1996, har zuwa yau ɗin nan (2017), Jihar Kano tana da ƙananan hukumomi guda arba’in da huɗu.
Ƙanana Hukumin Kano:
Jihar Kano tana da ƙananan hukumomi guda arba’in da huɗu kamar haka:
- Ajingi
- Albasu
- Bebeji
- Bichi
- Bunkure
- Ɓagwai
- Dala
- Dawakin Kudu
- Dawakin Tofa
- Doguwa
- Ɗambatta
- Fagge
- Gabasawa
- Garko
- Garun Malam
- Gaya
- Gezawa
- Gwale
- Gwarzo
- Kabo
- Kano Munincipal
- Kibiya
- Kumbotso
- Kura
- Ƙaraye
- Ƙiru
- Ƙunchi
- Madobi
- Makoɗa
- Minjibir
- Nassarawa
- Rano
- Rimin Gado
- Rogo
- Shanono
- Sumaila
- Takai
- Tarauni
- Tofa
- Tsanyawa
- Tudun Wada
- Ungogo
- Warawa
- Wudil.