Likitocin masu taɓin hankali a Nijeriya sun yi kira da a ɗauki matakin gaggawa don daƙile wannan mummunan matsala a ƙasar. A kiyasin su, ɗaya daga cikin ’yan Nijeriya huɗu, wato sama da miliyan 50, na fama da tavin hankali.
Likitocin masu tavin hankali ne suka bayyana hakan a zaman wani viangare na ayyukan bikin Ranar Kiwon Lafiyar Ƙwaƙwalwa ta Duniya (WMHD) na 2022. Ana tunawa da WMHD kowace shekara a ranar 10 ga Oktoba don wayar da kan jama’a game da lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa a duk faɗin duniya da kuma haxa kai don tallafawa waɗanda ke da matsalar tavin hankali.
Har ila yau, ranar ta ba da dama ga ƙwararrun a vangaren lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki don tattaunawa da ba da fifiko kan lamuran lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa a duniya.
A cewarsu, kusan kashi 75 cikin 100 na masu buqatar kula da lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa ba a samun damar kula da su, domin kuwa a Nijeriya likitocin ƙwaƙwalwa 300 ne kawai ke kula da mutane kusan miliyan 200.
Bayanan da ake samu sun nuna cewa akwai likitan ƙwaƙwalwa ɗaya ga kowane mutum 500,000 a Afirka, wanda ya ninka sau 100 ƙasa da shawarar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO). Sama da mutane 11 cikin 100,000 ke mutuwa duk shekara ta hanyar taɓin hankali a Afirka.
An fara bikin WMHD a cikin 1992 a yunƙurin Kiungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WFMH), ƙungiyar kula da lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa ta duniya tare da mambobi da abokan hulɗa a fiye da ƙasashe 150. Kowace shekara tun 2013, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) tana shirya gangami na duniya don WMHD.
WMHD na wannan shekara an yi masa take da: “Samar da Lafiyar Ƙwaƙwalwa da Jin Daɗi Wanda shi ne Fifiko na Duniya.” A cewar daraktan hukumar ta WHO a Afirka, Dr. Matshidiso Moeti, taken ya zama abin tunatarwa cewa, bayan kusan shekaru uku, ƙuncin rayuwa ga jama’a, yaɗuwar cututtuka da mutuwa, da taɓarɓarewar yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da ke da alaƙa da cutar ta COVID-19 ya ba da gudummawar kashi 25 cikin 100 na hauhawar damuwa a duniya.
A Afirka, sama da mutane miliyan 116 ne ke fama da matsalar taɓin hankali kafin ɓarkewar cutar. Yawan kashe kai na ƙara ƙaruwa, yayin da amfani da barasa da cin zarafi tsakanin matasa masu shekaru ƙasa da 13 ke ƙara ta’azzara lamarin. A Nijeriya, an ce shaye-shayen muggan ƙwayoyi a tsakanin matasan ya yi yawa.
Abin takaici ne yadda sama da ’yan Nijeriya miliyan 50 ke fama da taɓin hankali, yayin da kashi 75 cikin 100 na masu buƙatar kula da lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa ba a samun damar kula da su.
Wannan ma yana iya zama kiyasin ra’ayin masana, inda su kan ce, cutar taɓin hankali ba wai tana nufin yawo tsirara ba kawai, amma ta haɗa da mutane da su kan bayyana da kamala amma suna fama da wata cuta ta taɓin hankali.
Gabaɗaya, cututtukan taɓin hankali sun haɗa da rikicewar tashin hankali, baqin ciki mai tsanani, rikicewar bipolar, shiga damuwa bayan tashin hankali, schizophrenia, matsalar rashin cin abinci da dai sauransu.
Matsalolin lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa suna tasowa ne daga dalilai da yawa. Suna iya tasowa daga irin waɗannan abubuwan kamar cin zarafin yara, matsanancin damuwa ko kaɗaici, wariya da ƙyama, tsintar kai a hannun hukuma sakamakon aikata wani laifi, wariyar launin fata, talauci ko bashi.
Sauran yanayi na zamantakewa kamar tashin hankali na gida, cin zarafi, shaye-shayen miyagun ƙwayoyi da kasancewa cikin waɗanda iftila’a ta afku a kansu, kamar kuɓuta daga hannun masu garkuwa da mutane, na iya haifar da tavin hankali. Hakanan, mutuwar makusanci ko damuwa na dogon lokaci su ma na iya haifar da.
Amma manyan abubuwan su ne; Talauci da rashin aikin yi, waɗanda su ke haifar da rashin daidaituwar lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa a Nijeriya.
Adadin rashin aikin yi a ƙasar da aka ce kashi 33 cikin 100 na iya haifar da tashin hankali da sauyin yanayi. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke faruwa shi ne yadda abubuwa ke ta ƙara taɓarɓarewa na kashe-kashen kai a ƙasar.
Dole ne gwamnati ta magance matsalolin da ke tasowa na lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa. Ya kamata gwamnati ta magance ƙalubalen rashin isassun kayayyakin aikin kiwon lafiya.
Abin takaici ne a ce a cikin jihohi 36 da babban birnin tarayya Abuja, Nijeriya na da asibitocin kula da taɓin hankali tara ne kacal mallakar gwamnatin tarayya, inda shida daga cikinsu ke a shiyyoyi shida.
Da ya ke sama da kashi 60 cikin 100 na ’yan Nijeriya mazauna karkara ba sa samun kulawar da ta dace kuma suna yin tafiya mai nisa don samun cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya, matsalar na ƙara ta’azzara.
Kamata ya yi gwamnati ta samar da ƙarin wuraren kula da lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa a faɗin ƙasar don baiwa ‘yan Nijeriya da dama da ke da matsalar tavin hankali damar samun magani cikin sauƙi.
A shawarce, cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya a matakin farko za a iya samar da su kuma a ƙarfafa su don magance matsalolin lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa.
Ya kamata a yi ƙoƙarin ƙara yawan masu kula da taɓin hankali a ƙasar. Samun kusan likitocin taɓin hankali 300 don isa da mutane fiye da miliyan 200 bai wadatarwa sosai. Akwai kuma ƙarancin ma’aikatan jinya, ma’aikatan jinya da masu aikin jinya.
Akwai fargabar cewa wasu daga cikin waɗannan ƙwararru sun yi hijira zuwa wasu ƙasashen waje domin neman wuraren aiki. A bayyane ya ke cewa Nijeriya na buƙatar ƙarin likitocin taɓin hankali don magance ƙaruwar masu fama da tavin hankali. Ya kamata gwamnati ta ɓullo da kyawawan manufofin kiwon lafiya da inganta yanayin aiki na likitoci da sauran ma’aikatan lafiya.
Fiye da duka, Jaridar Blueprint Manhaja na kira ga masu yaƙin neman zaɓe na ƙasa baki ɗaya da su duba matsalar lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ya kasance abin da ke haifar da haɗari kenan. Dole ne ’yan Nijeriya su kawar da kyama, nuna wariya da son abin duniya, wanda ke zama manyan ƙalubale wajen samun lafiyar ƙwaƙwalwa.