Daga MUHAMMAD BALA GARBA MAIDUGURI
Yau kimanin wata huɗu kenan ɗaliban dake jami’o’i a Nijeriya suke zaune a gidajensu saboda yajin aikin da malaman jami’o’i suka tsunduma. Shin mecece makomar waɗannan ɗaliban?
A ranar Litinin 14 ga watan Fabrairun wannan shekarar ta 2022 ƙungiyar Malaman Jami’o’in Najeriya, wato ASUU, ta tsunduma yajin aikin gargaɗi ga gwamnatin ƙasar nan na tsawon wata guda; kafin ta sake ƙara wasu watanin ukun.
ASUU ta shiga yajin aikin ne sakamakon abin da ta kira da gazawar gwamnatin Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari wajen aiwatar da yarjejiyar da suka ƙulla a baya game da yadda za a inganta harkokin karatu a jami’o’in ƙasar.
Binciken da na yi dangane da yawan tafiyar ASUU yajin aiki, ya nuna sau goma sha shida (16) ƙungiyar tana tafiya yajin aiki tun bayan komawar Nijeriya mulkin demokraɗiyya kamar haka:
Yajin aikin wata biyar a shekarar 1999.
Yajin aikin wata uku a shekarar 2001.
Yajin aikin sati biyu a shekarar 2022.
Yajin aikin wata shida a shekarar 2003.
Yajin aikin sati biyu a shekarar 2005.
Yajin aikin sati ɗaya a shekarar 2006.
Yajin aikin wata uku a shekarar 2007.
Yajin aikin sati ɗaya a shekarar 2008.
Yajin aikin wata huɗu a shekarar 2009.
Yajin aikin wata biyar a shekarar 2010.
Yajin aikin wata biyu a shekarar 2011.
Yajin aikin wata biyar da rabi a shekarar 2013.
Yajin aikin wata ɗaya a shekarar 2017
Yajin aikin wata uku a shekarar 2018.
Yajin aikin wata tara a shekarar 2020.
Sai kuma yajin aikin da aka tsunduma a ranar Litinin 14 ga watan Fabrairun wannan shekarar ta 2022.
Shin me yake kawo wannan yajin aikin kuma daga ina matsalar take?
Najeriya ƙasa ce da ke da mabiya addinai daban-daban, manyan daga cikinsu su ne, addinin Islama da Kiristanci. Waɗannan addinai sun shigo ƙasar nan tun shekaru aru-aru kafin zuwan Turawan mulkin mallaka. Tun daga wannan lokaci ake samun hanyoyin ilimantar da jama’a.
Zuwan ƙungiyoyin mishan-mishan Najeriya a tsakanin shekarun 1842 zuwa 1914 ne ilimin boko ko kuma na zamani ya shigo ƙasar. Yayin da a tsakanin waɗannan shekaru kimanin ƙungiyoyin mishan 10 ne suka shigo suna ayyuka daban-daban da suka haɗa da ilmantar da jama’a wanda suka baiwa ƙarfi sosai. Tun daga wannan lokacin aka giggina makarantun boko ake ɗaukar jama’a musamman yara domin ba su ilimin.
Bayan darrusa 4 da ake koyarwa a makarantun, waɗanda suka haxa da: karatu da rubutu da lissafi da kuma addininsu, wato Kiristanci da aka horas da su ta yadda za su samu aikin yi kamar koyarwa da wa’azi a majami’u da tafinta. A shekarar 1857 aka gina makarantar CMS (Church Missionary Society) grammar school da ke jihar Legas.
Ilimin Boko bai samu karɓuwa a Arewacin Najeriya ba (a wancan lokacin), saboda al’ummar yankin suna tsoran kada ya gurvata musu addininsu. An ƙiyasce cewa, a shekarar 1914, an samu makarantun Arabiyya kimanin 25,000 a faɗin Arewacin Najeriya, wanda hakan ne ya jawo rashin karvuwar ilimin Boko a yankin. Kodayake, ƙungiyoyin mishan sun samu karɓuwa a wasu sassan yankin, inda suka gina makarantunsu.
A tsakanin 1882 zuwa 1950 ne shuwagabannin yankunan ƙasar suka fito da ƙa’idojin yadda za a ringa koyar da al’ummarsu. A tsakanin 1952 zuwa 1960 dukanin yankunan uku suka shimfiɗa sabbin dokokin tsarin koyarwa a yankunansu, wanda aka fara gwadawa da shirin ilimin kyauta (free education) na firamare. A shekarar 1955 aka fara gabatar da shirin a Yammacin ƙasar, a shekarar 1957 kuma aka fara a Gabacinta.
A shekarar 1952 ne aka kafa hukumar shirya jarabbawa ta ƙasashen Yammacin Afirka, wato WAEC (West African Examination Council). Bayan da Najeriya ta samu ‘yancin kanta a ranar ɗaya ga watan Agustan 1960, gwamnatin tarayya ta buɗe jami’o’i 6 waxyanda suka haɗa da:
Jami’ar Ibadan, wadda aka fara kafa ta a shekarar 1948.
Jami’ar Nsukka, a shekarar 1960.
Jami’ar Ile-Ife, a shekarar 1961.
Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello, dake Zariya a shekarar 1962.
Jami’ar Legas, a shekarar 1962.
Jami’ar Benin, a shekarar 1970.
Duka waɗannan da nufin bunƙasa ilimi tare da magance wasu matsaloli da gwamnatin wancan lokaci ta fara hanga. Bayan waɗannan jami’o’in, gwamnati ta giggina wasu manyan makarantun da nufin samar da ilimi a wasu ɓangarorin kamar fasaha da ƙere-ƙere.
A lokacin da Najeriya ta samu bunƙasar tattalin arziki ta hanyar man fetur, Gwamnatin Tarayya ta vullo da shirin ilimin bai-ɗaya na ba da ilimi kyauta a makarantun firamare. Sai dai ba a je ko ina ba, shirin ya wargaje, saboda rashin kyakkyawan shiri da isassun kuɗade.
A shekarar 1999 ne gwamnatin tarayyar ta sake ƙaddamar da wani shirin ba da ilimi kyauta da nufin bunƙasa ilimin da aka yi na farkon.
Sai dai kuma har yanzu ba a kai ga cimma burin bunƙasa ilimi a ƙasar ba, saboda wasu matsaloli ko dalilai da ƙasar ke fuskanta. Matsalolin da ilimi ke fuskanta a Najeriya sun haɗa da:
Talauci: Nauyi ne da ya rataya a wuyan gwamnati tun daga tarayya har zuwa ƙananan hukumomi ta bai wa al’ummarta ilimi a ƙalla na firamare. Sai dai kuma ba a ko’ina ne gwamnatin ke sauke wannan nauyi ba, musamman ma a yankunan karkara, inda a wurare da dama babu ko da ɗakin karatu. Haka nan inda aka samu ɗakin karatun kuma ba lallai a ce akwai malamai ko kuma kayayyakin aiki ba.
A irin halin da ƙasar ke ciki na tattalin arziki, jama’a da dama na cikin talauci. Don haka, ba za su iya ɗaukar dawainiyar karatun ‘ya’yansu ba, wanda hakan ya sa ‘ya’ya da dama ba sa zuwa makarantu.
Tattalin Arziki: Bayan talauci dake kawo koma baya ga ilimi a Nijeriya (musamman a yankin Arewa), batun tattalin arziki da zafin nema da dogaro da kai ya kasance wani babban matsala da fannin ilimi ke fuskanta a ƙasar; musamman a Gabashin ƙasar. A wancan yankin, ba kasafai ‘ya’ya maza ke kammala karatun firamare ba, inda suka fi mai da hankali wajen kasuwanci. ‘Ya’ya mata ne kaɗai wasu ke kaiwa har zuwa jami’a. Wannan kuwa ya samo asali ne tun lokacin yakin basasar da aka yi a ƙasar (yakin Biafra), lokacin da tattalin arzikin yankin ya shiga halin ni-‘ya-su.
A ɓangaren Arewacin ƙasar nan kuwa, matsalar rashi ko talauci ke sa iyaye gwanmacewar ɗorawa ‘ya’yansu talla a madadin tura su makaranta. Wannan kuwa ba ga mata kaɗai ba, har ga maza. Wanda hakan ya taimaka wajen rashin zuwan dubban ‘ya’ya makarantu sannan kuma ya yi sillar lalacewar wasu daga cikinsu (musamman ‘ya’ya mata).
Al’ada ko Addini: Batun al’ada ko addini wani babban matsala ne dake fuskantar fannin ilimi a Najeriya (musamman a Arewa). Wannan kuwa ya haɗa da yi wa ‘ya’ya mata auren wuri, abin da ya sa ake samun ‘ya’ya maza na zuwa makaranta fiye da mata. Yawancin al’ummar yankin Arewa na ƙyamatar cuɗanyar maza da mata a wuri guda.
Malamai da kayan aiki: Babban matsalar da a yanzu haka fannin ilimi ke fuskanta a Najeriya, shi ne, rashin kayayyakin aiki wanda ya kamata gwamnati ta samar a makarantu. Wannan shi ne babban abin da ke jawo qarancin malamai a makarantu, kama daga Firamare har zuwa jami’o’i.
Rashin biyan buƙatun malamai yadda ya kamata: Bayan rashin kayayyakin aiki, akwai kuma rashin biyan buƙatun malamai yadda ya kamata da gwamnatin ke yi, wanda hakan ne ke kawo yawan yajin aiki tare da kuma sa ƙwararrun Malaman makarantu musamman daga shekarun 1980 zuwa 1990, lokacin da gwamnati ta fito da shirinta na tsuke bakin aljihu, wato SAP, barin ƙasar zuwa wasu ƙasashen waje.
Ana kukan targaɗe, kuma sai ga karaya, wanda ya yi sanadiyar rufe makarantun ƙasar gaba ɗaya a shekarun baya (wato batun annobar Korona Bairos), wanda ta kai ga ɗalibai sun kusan share shekara guda a gidajensu ba tare da zuwa makarantu ba. A irin wannan yanayin da ilimi ke fuskantar waɗannan matsaloli a Nijeriya, ana zuwa makarantun ma ya ya aka ƙare? ballatana kuma ba a zuwa?
Bayan lafawar wannan annobar wacce ta ba da damar buɗe makarantu, ko shekara ba a yi ba, ƙungiyar Malaman jami’o’i ta tsunduma yajin aiki, wanda ya jefa ɗalibai da dama cikin mummunan yanayi. Shin mene ne makomar waɗannan ɗaliban? Ya ya goben su zai kasance idan aka ci gaba da tafiya a haka?
Da wannan nake kira ga gwamnatin Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari, tayi wa Allah da ManzonSa (Sallalahu alaihi wasalam), ta yi duba ga makomar waɗannan ɗaliban, ta zauna da Malaman jami’o’i su sassanta domin daƙile wannan yajin aiki. Ci gaba da wannan yajin aikin babban barazana ne ga makomar ilimin ƙasar da kuma rayuwar waɗannan ɗaliban waɗanda su ne manyan gobe kuma magina ƙasar.
A ƙarshe ina roƙon Ubangiji Allah ya ba mu lafiya da zaman lafiya mai ɗorewa, ya kuma ba mu shuwagabannin na gari masu ƙaunarmu da ƙaunar ci gabanmu, Amin.
Ɗalibinku Mohammed Bala Garba, Maiduguri. 09042923950, 08098331260.