Daga AMINA XU
Shugaban Ƙasar Sin Xi Jinping ya tattauna da takwaransa na ƙasar Amurka Joe Biden a daren ran 28 ga watan Yuli, inda ya nanata matsayin da Sin take ɗauka kan batun yankin Taiwan, wato tun fil azal, yankin wani ɓangare ne na ƙasar Sin da ba za a iya ware shi ba.
Kwanakin baya, batun yankin Taiwan na ƙasar Sin ya jawo hankalin duniya, wasu abokanmu sun yi min tambaya kan tarihin yankin Taiwan. To, yanzu zan yi muku bayani.
Tun fil azal, Taiwan wani yanki ne na ƙasar Sin, ganin yadda Sinawa ne suka fara gano yankin, kuma akwai bayani game da yankin a cikin littattafan tarihi na ƙasar Sin waɗanda aka rubuta yau shekaru 1700 da suka gabata. Daga zamanin daular Yuan ta ƙasar Sin wato tsakanin shekarar 1206 zuwa shekarar 1368, mahukuntan daular ta fara kafa hukumomi a yankin Taiwan, domin gudanar da harkokin yanki yadda ya kamata.
A shekarar 1894, ƙasar Japan ta fara kawo wa Sin hare-hare, bayan rashin nasarar da mahukuntan daular Qing ta Sin ta samu a cikin yakin. Sakamakon haka, ƙasar Japan ta tilasta mahukuntan daular Qing ta ƙasar Sin da ta sa hannu kan yarjejeniyar Maguan, ta kwace yankin Taiwan daga hannun ƙasar Sin.
A watan Satumban shekarar 1931, Japan ta fara yaƙin ƙin jini kan ƙasar Sin. A watan Disamba na shekarar 1941, gwamnatin ƙasar Sin wadda ke ƙarƙashin shugabantar jam’iyyar Guomintang, wato KMT a wancan lokaci ta gabatar da sanarwar kin yakin Japan, inda ta gayyawa ƙasashen duniya cewa, ta yi fatili da wasu yarjejeniyoyi da kwangiloli marasa adalci tsakaninta da Japan, ciki har da yarjejeniyar Maguan, kuma ta kwato yankin.
A watan Disamba na shekarar 1943, gwamnatocin Sin da Amurka da Birtaniya suka ba da haɗaɗɗiyar sanarwa ta Alkahira, inda aka yi tanadin cewa, dole ne Japan ta mayar wa ƙasar Sin yankunan da ta ƙwace daga ƙasar Sin ciki hadda yankin Arewa maso gabashin ƙasar da yankin Taiwan da tsibirorin Penghu da dai sauransu.
A shekarar 1945 kuma, Sin da Amurka da Birtaniya suka ƙulla yarjejeniyar Potsdam, wadda daga baya tsohuwar tarayyar Soviet ma ta sa hannu a kanta, inda aka yi tanadin cewa, dole ne a aiwatar da yarjejeniyar Alkahira ba tare da wani sharaɗi ba. A watan Augusta na wannan shekara, Japan ta sanar da miƙa wuya, kuma ta yi alƙawari a cikin takardun mika wuya cewa, za ta aiwatar da tanade-tanaden dake cikin yarjejeniyar Potsdam. Daga shekarar ce kuma, ƙasar Sin wadda ke ƙarƙashin jagorancin Jam’iyyar Kuomintang ta sake samun cikakken ikon mulkin yankin Taiwan da tsibirorin Penghu waɗanda suke kusa da tsibirin Taiwan.
Sannan an shafe shekaru 3 ana yin wani yakin basasa tsakanin dakarun jam’iyyar Kwaminis ta ƙasar Sin JKS da na gwamnatin ƙasar wadda ke ƙarƙashin jagorancin jam’iyyar Kuomintang KMT a wancan lokaci tsakanin shekarar 1946 da ta 1949, inda dakarun jam’iyyar Kuomintang suka sha kaye.
A ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba na shekarar 1949, Jamhuriyyar Jama’ar Ƙasar Sin wadda ke ƙarƙashin jagorancin JKS ta kafu, jam’iyyar Kuomintang ta sauka daga karagar mulkin ƙasar Sin. Sa’an nan, wasu sojoji da manyan jami’an jami’yyar Kuomintang suka arce zuwa yankin Taiwan. Daga bisani kuma, suka mamaye yankin Taiwan bisa goyon bayan ƙasar Amurka.
Tsoffin ’yan siyasa na gwamnatin Kuomintang sun je yankin Taiwan, duk da cewa sun ci gaba da amfani da jamhuriyyar ƙasar Sin da kafa gwamnatinsu, amma ba su da ikon mulki, domin gwamnatin yankin ne.
Manufar “ƙasar Sin ɗaya tilo a duniya” da Sin take nacewa, ta samu amincewa da goyon baya daga ƙasashe da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa daban daban. A ran 15 ga watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1971, aka dawowa jamhuriyyar jama’ar ƙasar Sin halastacciyar kujerarta a MDD, an kuma zartas da ƙuduri mai lamba 2758, wanda ya yi tanadin cewa, gwamnatin jamhuriyyar jama’ar ƙasar Sin, ita ce halastacciyar wakiliya kaɗai a majalisar.
“Ban da wannan kuma, ofishin shari’a na sashin sakataren MƊD na nuna cewa, matsayin yankin Taiwan a MƊD, wani yanki ne na jamhuriyyar jama’ar ƙasar Sin, da ba shi da ’yancin kai. Don haka, ƙuduri mai lamba 2758 na MƊD ya tabbatar da manufar “ƙasar Sin ɗaya tak a duniya”.
Haka ƙasashen duniya suka amince da wannan ƙudiri da kuma matsayin da Sin take ɗauka. A ran 16 ga watan Disamba na shekarar 1978, Sin da Amurka suka ba da haɗaɗɗiyar sanarwa, inda gwamnatin Amurka ta amince da ka’idoji uku da Sin ta gabatar waɗanda suka kasance tushen hulɗar ƙasashen biyu, wato katse huldar diplomasiyya da yankin Taiwan da janye sojoji da na’urorin soja daga Taiwan da kuma yin fatili da yarjejeniyoyin da ta ƙulla da gwamnatin Chiang Kai-shek.
Ƙasashen biyu sun sanar da ranar 1 ga watan Jarairu na shekarar 1979, a matsayin ranar ƙulla hulɗar diplomasiyya tsakaninsu. Hakan ya nuna cewa, gwamnatin Amurka ta amince da cewa, jamhuriyyar jama’ar ƙasar Sin ce kaɗai halastaciyyar gwamnati a duniya, yankin Taiwan kuma, wani ɓangare ne na ƙasar Sin.
Ban da wannan yarjejeniyar, Sin da Amurka sun ƙulla haɗaɗɗiyar sanarwar jamhuriyar jama’ar ƙasar Sin da “United States of America” a ran 28 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1972, da kuma haɗaɗɗiyar sanarwar jamhuriyyar jama’ar ƙasar Sin da “United States of America” a ran 17 ga watan Agusatan shekarar 1982. Waɗannan sanarwa uku, a kan kira su sanarwoyi uku, kuma sun shaida matsayin ƙasashen biyu kan matsayin yankin Taiwan.
Ban da ƙasar Amurka, ƙasashen duniya da dama sun amince da manufar “ƙasar Sin ɗaya tak a duniya” ciki har da ƙasar Najeriya. A ran 10 ga watan Faburairun shekarar 1971, an ƙulla hulɗar diflomasiyya tsakanin Sin da Najeriya.
Sannan dangantakar dake tsakanin ƙasashen biyu ta samu ci gaba kamar yadda ake fata. Musamman bayan ziyarar shugaban ƙasar Najeriya Muhammadu Buhari a ƙasar Sin a shekarar 2016, ya nemi hukumar yankin Taiwan da aka kafa a ƙasarsa da ta sauya sunanta da kuma mayar da ofishinta daga Abuja zuwa Lagos, da kuma rage ma’aikatanta a ƙasar, Haka kuma ya ba da umurnin dakatar da jami’ai da hukumomin ƙasarsa da su yi mu’ammala da yankin Taiwan a hukumance. Da ma mahukuntan yankin Taiwan sun kafa ofishinta a Najeriya ne da sunan “tawagar kasuwanci ta jamhuriyyar ƙasar Sin dake Najeriya”.
Hakan ya sa ɓangarorin biyu suka daidaita wannan matsala dake kawo cikas ga dangantakar ƙasashen biyu. A watan Jarairu na shekarar 2021, ministan harkokin wajen ƙasar Sin Wang Yi ya kai ziyara Najeriya, inda takwaransa na ƙasar Geoffrey Onyeama ya bayyana niyyar ƙasarsa ta nacewa ga manufar “ƙasar Sin ɗaya tak a duniya”.
To, manene ra’ayin yankin Taiwan? Ba kowa ne ke son ware yankin Taiwan daga ƙasar Sin ba. A shekarar 1987, yankin Taiwan da babban yanki, sun fara mu’ammala a fannonin tattalin arziki da al’adu da sauransu. Amma, ana matukar buƙatar tuntuba a fannin siyasa.
Don ganin haka, yankin Taiwan ya kafa wani asusun mu’ammala tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu a ran 21 ga watan Nuwamban shekarar 1990. A nasa ɓangare, babban yankin ya kafa ƙungiyar dangantakar ɓangarorin biyu a ran 16 ga watan Disamba na shekarar 1991.
Daga ran 27 zuwa 29 ga watan Afrilu na shekarar 1992, tsohon shugaban ƙungiyar Wang Daohan da tsohon shugaban asusun Gu Zhenfu sun yi wata ganawa a Singapore, inda suka kai ga matsaya ɗaya na nacewa ga manufar ƙasar Sin ɗaya tak a duniya, da ƙoƙarin ciyar da dunƙulewar ƙasar cikin haɗin kai, wato kundin shaida matsaya ɗaya da ɓangarorin suka samu kan manufar “ƙasar Sin ɗaya tak a duniya” na shekarar 1992.
An rubuta yadda aka ƙulla wannan kundi tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu, babu kuma wanda zai iya musantawa.
Hakan ana iya ganin cewa, batun Taiwan, ya kasance batun da har yanzu ba a warware ba. Kasancewar babban yanki da Taiwan na ƙasar Sin ɗaya ne bai taba canzawa ba kuma ba za a iya canza shi ba.