Daga MAHDI MUSA MUHAMMAD
Hukumar Kula da ‘Yan Gudun Hijira ta Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya (UNHCR) ta bayyana cewa aƙalla ‘yan gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka 21,807 da suka tsere daga rikice-rikice a ƙasashen makwabta har yanzu ba su yi rajista a Nijeriya ba, lamarin da ke hana su samun tallafin abinci, kula da lafiya da sauran muhimman ayyukan jinƙai.
Bayanan da ke cikin jadawalin UNHCR na watan Nuwamba 2025 sun nuna cewa mafi yawan waɗannan mutanen da ba su yi rajista ba sun fito ne daga yankin Anglophone na Kamaru da rikici ya dabaibaye.
Rahoton ya nuna cewa Nijeriya na karɓar ’yan gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka kimanin 127,000 daga ƙasashe 41. Daga cikin adadin, mutane 21,807 na jiran a yi musu rajista daga Hukumar Kula da ’Yan Gudun Hijira na Cikin Gida (NCFRMI), yayin da 80,915 aka riga aka tabbatar da matsayin su a matsayin ’yan gudun hijira, sannan fiye da 25,000 na jiran kammala tantance su.
Nazarin jadawalin UNHCR na watanni da suka gabata ya nuna cewa adadin waɗanda ba su yi rajista ba yana canjawa lokaci zuwa lokaci. A watan Disamba 2024 an samu 21,095, sai adadin ya tashi zuwa 32,750 a watan Yuni 2025, ƙarin kashi 55 cikin dari cikin watanni shida, kafin ya ragu zuwa 21,807 a watan Nuwamba 2025. A watan Maris 2025 kuwa, an samu mutane 20,997 da ke jiran rajista, alamar cewa sabbin masu shigowa na ci gaba da zarce ƙarfin gwamnati wajen tantance su.
Rashin rajista na hana waɗannan ‘yan gudun hijira samun tallafin kuɗi da abinci daga UNHCR, inshorar lafiya da sauran agajin jinƙai, lamarin da ke jefa dubban mutane cikin mawuyacin hali a cikin al’ummomin da suke zaune.
Wani jami’i da ke da masaniya kan tsarin rajistar ’yan gudun hijira ya bayyana cewa ƙarancin ma’aikata, matsalolin tsaro da matsalolin sufuri na rage saurin yin rajista a jihohin Borno, Adamawa da Kuros Riba, inda yawancin sababbin ‘yan gudun hijira ke shiga. Ya ce, a wasu lokutan rajistar na ɗaukar makonni ko ma watanni, gwargwadon jiha da samuwar jami’an NCFRMI.
Bayanan UNHCR sun nuna cewa ‘yan Kamaru sun fi yawa a cikin ‘yan gudun hijirar da ke Nijeriya, inda suke kashi 86 cikin dari, wato kusan mutane 119,208, waɗanda suka tsere daga rikicin Anglophone da ya shafe shekaru takwas a yankunan Arewa maso Yamma da Kudu maso Yammacin Kamaru.
Sauran ƙasashen da ake samun ‘yan gudun hijira daga cikinsu sun haɗa da Nijar da ke da 15,011, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya 1,053, Syria 1,330, da Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo 598, da wasu ƙasashe daban-daban.
Rahoton ya ce mata da ‘yan mata sun fi rabin adadin ‘yan gudun hijira, yayin da yara ke kusan kashi 60 cikin ɗari. Yawancin su na zaune ne a cikin al’ummomi a jihohin Kuros Riba, Taraba, Akwa Ibom, Benuwe da Adamawa, maimakon sansanonin ’yan gudun hijira.
Manyan birane irin su Legas, Abuja da Kano ma na ɗauke da ‘yan gudun hijira daga ƙasashe daban-daban, wasu daga cikinsu sun shafe sama da shekaru goma a Nijeriya.
Nijeriya, a matsayinta na ƙasa mai bin dokar buɗe ƙofa da yarjejeniyar Geneva ta 1951 da ta ƙungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta 1969, na da wajibcin karɓar mutanen da ke tserewa daga tsanantawa da rikici. Hukumar NCFRMI tare da Hukumar Shige da Fice da UNHCR ke da alhakin rajistar masu neman mafaka da tantance matsayin ‘yan gudun hijira, wanda kan ɗauki watanni uku zuwa shida.
Idan aka amince da buƙatar mutum, ana ba shi katin shaida na ɗan gudun hijira wanda ke ba shi damar aiki, shiga makaranta da kuma motsi cikin ’yanci a ƙasar. Tun shekarar 2019, Nijeriya ta fara ba da takardun tafiya na ’yan gudun hijira domin ba su damar fita ƙasashen waje.
Sai dai a lokutan da ake samun shigowar jama’a da yawa lokaci guda, ana dakatar da tantance mutum-da-mutum, a yi amfani da tsarin amincewa da rukuni. A shekarar 2024, gwamnati ta ba ‘yan gudun hijira 86,000 daga Kamaru kariyar wucin gadi har zuwa Yuni 2027, yayin da ‘yan Nijar 20,000 a Damasak aka amince da su kai tsaye.
Tsohon jakadan Nijeriya a Singapore, Ogbole Amedu-Ode, ya gargaɗi cewa duk da wajabcin da ke kan Nijeriya na bin yarjejeniyoyin duniya, dole ne hukumomin tsaro su kasance a fakaice don hana shigowar masu da manufa mara kyau.
Ya ce, “Nijeriya ƙasa ce da ta rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi na ƙasa da ƙasa da ke kare masu neman mafaka. Amma ganin halin tsaro da muke ciki, dole ne hukumomi su sa ido sosai kada a yi amfani da wannan dama wajen shigo da mutane masu mugun nufi.”
Rahoton ya kuma nuna cewa Nijeriya na fama da babbar matsalar gudun hijira a cikin gida, inda UNHCR ta ce akwai mutane miliyan 3.5 da suka rasa muhallansu sakamakon rikicin Boko Haram da ISWAP a Arewa maso Gabas. A shekarar 2024 kuma, ambaliyar ruwa ta shafi sama da mutane 480,000 a jihohi 34, ciki har da dubban mutane a Borno, Adamawa da Yobe.
A halin yanzu, kusan ’yan Nijeriya 408,000 na zaune a matsayin ‘yan gudun hijira a ƙasashen makwabta kamar Kamaru, Nijar da Chadi, bayan sun tsere daga rikicin tafkin Chadi. A shekarar 2025, UNHCR ta taimaka wajen dawo da ‘yan Nijeriya 26,473 gida ta hanyar shirin komawa gida da yardar rai, bayan rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniya ta musamman tsakanin Nijeriya da Chadi.
