Daga MAHDI MUSA MUHAMMAD
Abraham Lincoln lauyan Amurka ne kuma ɗan siyasa wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Amurka na 16 daga 1861 har zuwa kashe shi a 1865.
Abraham Lincoln, lauya ne ɗan majalisa kuma mai adawa da bautar da mutane, an zaɓe shi shugaban Amurka na 16 a watan Nuwamba 1860, jim kaɗan kafin ɓarkewar yaƙin basasa.
Abraham Lincoln, mai suna Honest Abe, Rail-Splitter, ko Babban Emancipator, (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 1809, kusa da Hodgenville, Kentucky, Amurka-ya mutu Afrilu 15, 1865, Washington, DC), shugaban Amurka na 16 (1861) -65), wanda ya Dunkule Tarayyar a lokacin yaƙin basasar Amurka kuma ya haifar da ‘yantar da ɓaƙaƙen fata.
An haifi Abraham Lincoln a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 1809, kusa da garin Hodgenɓille, Jihar Kentucky. Mahaifinsa Thomas Lincoln da mahaifiyarsa Nancy Hanks duk sun kasance matalauta suna zaune a gonar su a Sinking Spring. Nancy Hanks ya mutu yayin da Lincoln yana da shekaru tara, don haka ya zauna tare da mahaifinsa a cikin rashin lafiya. Koyaushe ya zama dole ya yi aiki tukuru tare da mahaifinsa a gona, don shuka abincin da suke ci. Saboda haka, ya kasa samun ilimin boko. Amma, sakamakon hazaƙarsa, Lincoln ya koya wa kansa yadda ake rubutu da karatu.
Farkon aikin Abraham Lincoln:
A lokacin yana ɗan shekara 19 a cikin 1828, Abraham Lincoln ya ɗauki aiki don jigilar kaya zuwa New Orleans ta jirgin ruwa ta kogin Mississippi. Tafiya da aikin sun faɗaɗa fahimtar Lincoln game da rayuwa. Daga baya, Abraham Lincoln ya zauna ya zama mai shago a ƙauyen su kusan shekaru 2.
A cikin 1831, Ibrahim Lincoln ya bar kasuwancinsa na siyarwa kuma ya ba da kansa don yin hidima a cikin Sojojin Illinois waɗanda ke yaƙi da jajayen Indiyawa a cikin sanannen Yaƙin Black Hawk. Lincoln yayi aiki a yakin a matsayin Kyaftin. Bayan Yaƙin, ya sa ido don neman aikin lauya don haka ya fara nazarin littattafan doka.
Kafin Ibrahim Lincoln ya shiga cikin Militiyan Illinois, ya riga ya shiga siyasa. A cikin 1932, ya yi takarar neman kujera a Babban Taro na Illinois, amma ya yi nasara. Koyaya, a cikin 1934, an zaɓi Lincoln ƙarƙashin dandalin Whig Party a matsayin memba mai wakiltar Sagmon County a cikin Majalisar Wakilai ta Illinois. Ya kasance a matsayin har zuwa 1842.
A cikin tsarin zama lauya, Abraham Lincoln ya yi nazarin littattafan doka da yawa. A shekara ta 1836, an shigar da shi BAR ta hanyar taimakon John T. Stuart. Daga ƙarshe, Lincoln ya ci jarrabawar BAR kuma an ba shi mukami A matsayin lauya. Daga baya, Lincoln ya shiga John T. Stuart a matsayin ƙaramin Lauyan Gwamnati kuma ya fara aiki da doka a Springfield.
A lokacin aikinsa na lauya, Abraham Lincoln ya kasance mai hazaka da aminci ga abokan Huddarsa. Ya ci nasara da yawa har zuwa Kotun Koli ta Illinois.
A shekara ta 1850, Amurka ta kasance cikin rashin jituwa game da bauta. ƙasar ta rabu zuwa masu son yaɗuwar bauta waɗanda yawancinsu ‘yan kudu ne, da waɗanda ba sa so waɗanda galibi ’yan arewa ne. Yayin da ƙasar ke cikin wannan hali, Lincoln ya zama mai sha’awar shiga harkokin siyasar ƙasa. A daya ɓangaren kuma shi dan arewa ne kuma mai adawa da bauta.
A cikin 1854, Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ta zartar da wata doka mai suna ‘Kansas-Nebraska Act’. Bayan zartar da dokar, shugaban na lokacin Franklin Pierce ya sanya hannu kan dokar. A ƙarƙashin wannan, an ba da izinin bautar ya yaɗu bayan iyakar kudancin Missouri, wanda ya sabawa Yarjejeniyar Missouri wanda ya hana yazuwar bautar da ke kan iyakar Missouri ta kudu. A gefe guda kuma, Dokar Kansas-Nebraska ta fusata ‘yan siyasa musamman ‘yan siyasa masu adawa da bautar. Don haka, a cikin Maris 1854, wasu fusatattun ’yan siyasa su ka kafa jam’iyyar siyasa mai adawa da bautar da ake kira Republican. A 1856, Abraham Lincoln ya shiga jam’iyyar Republican.
Bayan Abraham Lincoln ya zama ɗan jam’iyar Republican, ya kuma so ya zama Sanata. A cikin 1858, ya yi burin zama Sanata mai wakiltar Illinois. A matsayin wani ɓangare na tsari ko yaƙin neman zaɓe, Lincoln ya shiga jerin muhawara tsakanin Sanata mai ci Stephen Douglas kan batun bautar da ake cece-kuce.
Ibrahim Lincoln ya yi imanin cewa ya kamata a dakatar da yaɗuwar bautar, yayin da Douglass ya ci gaba da cewa ya kamata a bar kowace jiha ta yanke shawara mafi kyau a gare su. An gudanar da Muhawarar a garuruwa bakwai a Jihar Illinois tsakanin 21 ga Agusta zuwa 15 ga Oktoba, 1858. Ko da yake, Lincoln ya sha kaye a zaɓen, amma muhawarar ta taimaka masa ya tashi zuwa fagen siyasar ƙasa.
Bayan da Abraham Lincoln ya faɗi zaɓen ɗan majalisar dattijai, ya ci gaba da harkokinsa na siyasa, inda ya mayar da hankali wajen yaɗa ra’ayin jam’iyyar Republican. A gefe guda kuma, ya yi burin zama ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na Republican. Sannu a hankali ya samu goyon baya daga wasu jiga-jigan ‘yan siyasa na jam’iyyar Republican, musamman ‘yan siyasa daga jiharsa ta Illinois. A ƙarshe, Lincoln ya samu tikitin takarar shugaban ƙasa a babban taron jam’iyyar da aka gudanar a Chicago a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1860.
Bayan Yarjejeniyar, Abraham Lincoln ya fara yaƙin neman zaɓe a duk faɗin ƙasar. A lokacin yaƙin neman zaɓe, ya nuna kwazonsa wajen lashe zaɓe, musamman a jihohin Arewa. A ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 1860, an fafata a tsakanin ‘yan takara 4.
A ƙarshen zaɓen, Abraham Lincoln ya yi nasara bayan lashe jihohi 17 kuma ya samu ƙuri’u 1,865,908.
A ƙarshen yaƙin basasar Amurka, an sake zaɓe Ibrahim Lincoln a watan Nuwamba 1864 don wa’adi na biyu. Bayan sake zabensa, Lincoln ya umarci dukkan kwamandojin sojojinsa ƙarƙashin Janar Ulysses S. Grants da su kawo ƙarshen yaƙin basasa. Bayan wannan odar, sojojin Tarayyar sun yi yaƙi da dabarun yaƙi har zuwa ƙarshe, rundunar ‘yan tawaye Janar Robert E. Lee ya miƙa kansa wanda ya nuna ƙarshen yaƙin basasar Amurka.
Bayan kwanaki biyar da gama yaƙin basasar Amurka, Abraham Lincoln wanda ke murnar nasara, ya tafi gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ford a Washington DC ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1865, don shaƙatawa, Yayin da yake cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo, wani ɗan wasan kwaikwayo wanda ya kasance mai goyon bayan bautar da ake kira John Wilkes Booth ya yi amfani da bindiga ya harbe Abraham Lincoln. An ɗauke shi don tallafin gaggawa, amma ya mutu washegari a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1865. An binne shi a cikin maƙabartar Oak Ridge, Springfield, Jihar Illinois.
