Daga MAHDI MUSA MUHAMMAD
Masu bincike a Amurka sun bayyana sakamako mai ƙarfafa gwiwa daga wani sabon nau’in allurar rigakafin kansa da ake keɓancewa ga kowane mara lafiya, wadda aka tsara domin taimakawa wajen hana melanoma, wani nau’in kansar fata, sake bayyana ko ya yaɗu bayan an cire ƙwayar kansar ta hanyar tiyata.
Ana haɓaka allurar mai suna Intismeran Autogene ne ta haɗin gwiwar kamfanin fasahar kimiyyar halittu na Moderna da kamfanin magungunan kimiyyar halittu na Merck.
An tsara maganin ne domin marasa lafiyar da ke da melanoma mai tsanani, musamman waɗanda aka yi wa tiyata aka cire ƙwayar kansar, amma har yanzu suke cikin haɗarin sake kamuwa da ita, kamar yadda Reuters ta ruwaito.
A cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Kansa ta ƙasa ta Amurka (NCI), melanoma ba ta yawan faruwa kamar sauran manyan nau’o’in kansar fata, amma tana da matuƙar saurin kutsawa cikin ƙwayoyin halittar da ke kusa da ita tare da yaɗuwa zuwa wasu sassan jiki. Yawancin mace-macen da kansar fata ke haddasawa na faruwa ne sakamakon melanoma.
ƙungiyar American Cancer Society ta kiyasta cewa a shekarar 2026 za a samu kusan sabbin mutane 112,000 da za su kamu da melanoma mai mamaye jiki, yayin da ake hasashen mutuwar mutane 8,510 daga cutar. Kamfanonin Merck da Moderna sun ce allurar ta taimaka wajen rage yiwuwar melanoma ta sake dawowa ko ta yaɗu a wani babban gwaji da ya ƙunshi fiye da marasa lafiya 1,000.
Dukkan mahalarta gwajin suna da ƙwayoyin kansa da aka gano a wani wuri guda kuma aka cire su ta tiyata, amma likitoci sun ɗauke su a matsayin masu matuƙar haɗarin sake kamuwa da cutar.
Sabon tsarin maganin yana haɗa allurar mRNA da aka keɓance ga mutum da maganin rigakafin garkuwar jiki na Merck mai suna Keytruda. Ba kamar chemotherapy ba, wadda ke kashe ƙwayoyin kansa tare da wasu ƙwayoyin lafiya a jiki, allurar kansa ta musamman tana ƙoƙarin horar da garkuwar jiki domin ta gane sauye-sauyen halittar da suka kebanta da kansar wani mutum, sannan ta kai hari kan waɗannan ƙwayoyin kansa.
Tsarin maganin ya ƙunshi har zuwa allurai tara na Keytruda, ana bayar da kowace allura bayan makonni shida, tare da har zuwa allurai tara na mRNA da aka ƙera musamman bisa yanayin ƙwayar kansar kowane mara lafiya. Allurar tana amfani da bayanan sauye-sauyen halittar da ke cikin ƙwayar kansar mutum domin umartar garkuwar jikinsa ta gane tare da kai hari kan ƙwayoyin kansar.
Merck ta bayyana intismeran autogene a matsayin wani nau’in maganin mRNA-based indiɓidualised neoantigen therapy, wato maganin da ake keɓancewa ga mutum bisa irin sauye-sauyen halittar da ƙwayar kansarsa ta samu.
Kamfanin ya ce ana amfani da mRNA na roba da ke ɗauke da bayanan har zuwa neoantigens 34. Neoantigens wasu siffofi ne da ake samu a ƙwayoyin kansa waɗanda za su iya taimaka wa garkuwar jiki wajen gane ƙwayoyin kansar da kuma kai musu hari.
Kamfanonin sun ce bayanan shekaru biyar daga wani gwajin mataki na biyu B (Phase 2b) sun nuna cewa haɗa intismeran autogene da Keytruda ya rage haɗarin sake dawowar kansa ko mutuwa da kashi 49 cikin 100, idan aka kwatanta da amfani da Keytruda shi kaɗai.
Haka kuma, haɗin magungunan ya rage haɗarin kansar ta yaɗu zuwa sassan jiki masu nisa ko mutuwa da kashi 59 cikin 100, a cewar Merck. Ryan Sulliɓan, Daraktan Cibiyar Melanoma ta Mass General Brigham Cancer Institute, ya bayyana sakamakon a matsayin wani babban ci gaba ga fannin maganin kansa.
“Da wannan sakamako mai kyau, akwai fata,” Sulliɓan ya shaida wa Reuters, yana mai cewa wannan hanya na iya sauya yadda ake kula da kansa a faɗin duniya.
Babbar Jami’ar Lafiya ta American Society of Clinical Oncology, Julie Gralow, ita ma ta bayyana sakamakon gwajin a matsayin “babban tsalle zuwa gaba”, tana cewa ya ƙara tabbatar da muhimmancin fasahar mRNA wajen maganin kansa.
Elizabeth Buchbinder, ƙwararriyar likitar melanoma a Mass General Brigham Cancer Institute, ta ce an zaɓi melanoma a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin cututtukan farko da za a gwada saboda tana samar da sauye-sauyen halitta masu yawa, abin da ke sauƙaƙa wa garkuwar jiki gane ta. Ta ce, wasu nau’o’in kansa ma suna samar da sauye-sauyen halitta da yawa, wanda ke nuna cewa wannan hanyar magani na iya amfani ga nau’o’in kansa daban-daban.
“Za mu gani, amma babu shakka wannan fanni zai bunƙasa sosai, musamman ganin irin waɗannan sakamako,” inji Buchbinder.
Binciken ya riga ya wuce batun melanoma, inda Moderna da Merck ke gudanar da wasu gwaje-gwaje kan amfani da wannan fasaha wajen maganin wasu nau’o’in kansa. Daga cikinsu akwai kansar huhu mai ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta (non-small cell lung cancer), kansar mafitsara da kansar ƙoda.
Kamfanonin na kuma gudanar da bincike kan kansar pancreas da kansar ciki, inda ake sa ran samun sakamakon wasu daga cikin gwaje-gwajen cikin shekara ɗaya zuwa biyu masu zuwa. Shugaban Moderna, Stephen Hoge, ne ya bayyana hakan a wata tattaunawa da Reuters.
Wasu kamfanoni ma na haɓaka makamantan alluran mRNA na kansa. Kamfanin Roche tare da BioNTech na gwada wani magani mai suna autogene ceɓumeran kan marasa lafiya masu kansar hanji da pancreas waɗanda aka yi wa tiyata.
Robert ɓonderheide, shugaban da aka zaɓa na American Association for Cancer Research, ya ce ana sa ran za a samu sakamakon gwaje-gwaje daga wasu cibiyoyin bincike a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.
“Ya kamata mu fara samun sakamakon gwaje-gwaje da dama a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, kuma yanzu akwai dalilai masu ƙarfi na yin fata,” inji shi.
Sai dai har yanzu gwajin melanoma yana ci gaba, kuma kamfanonin ba su fitar da cikakken sakamakonsa ba. Masu binciken za su ci gaba da bibiyar mahalarta gwajin domin tantance ko maganin zai iya ƙara tsawon rayuwar marasa lafiya gaba ɗaya, ba wai kawai rage dawowar cutar ba.
