Daga MAHDI M. MUHAMMAD
Katsina babbar masarauta ce kuma mai daɗaɗɗen tarihi a Ƙasar Hausa. Ta na ɗaya daga cikin asalin garuruwan yankin qasar ta Hausa. Kafin zamowarta wannan babban birni da a yau ya zama helikwatar Jihar Katsina sannan kuma fadar masarautar Katsina, ta taɓa zama a wani gari da yake da tazarar kimanin kilomita 32 daga Katsinan yau. Sunan wannan gari shi ne ‘Durɓi ta Kusheyi’. Wannan gari shi ne asalin fadar mulkin daular Katsina.
Wannan masarauta cike take da ababen tarihi, a cikin wancan garin na Durɓi, akwai wannan kuka tana nan, akwai wani Dutse da su mutanen Durɓi suka taba bautawa, sannan akwai wata Hasumiya da ta haura shekaru fari shida mai suna Gobarau a garin na Katsina. Kuma dai wannan gari shi ne matsugunnin tsohuwar makarantar da ta yaye firimiyan Nijeriya da kuma na Arewa ta farko. Wannan rubutu da ake karantawa zai bamu ƙarin haske game da wannan gari na Katsina.
Asalin kafuwar garin Katsina:
Babu wata tsayayyiyar magana dangane da shekara, ko kuma haqiqanin mutumin da ya kafa wannan tsohon birni, mai tsohon tarihi na Katsina. Amma akwai hujjoji birjik (Ingawa, 2006; Lugga, 2004; Mamman, 2015), da ke tabbatar da tasowar fadar masarautar ta Katsina daga wani tsohon ƙauye mai suna Durɓi ta Kusheyi.
Katsina kamar sauran manyan masarautun ƙasar Hausa, gidan sarautarta yana da dangantaka da gidan Bayajidda.
Farko wannan fada ta Katsina ta faro ne daga garin Durɓi ta Kusheyi, wanda a nan sarkin Katsina na farko, sarki Kumayau jikan Bayajidda ya zauna da shi da jama’arsa. Bayan ya yi mulkinsa ya gama kuma sai sarki Runba-Runba, daga shi kuma sai sarki Bataretare, sannan sai sarki Yankatsari, sai kuma sarki Jibda Yaƙi (sanau), sai Kuma sarki Muhammadu Korau wanda shi ne ya fara bunqasa garin na Katsina.
Kamar yadda na faɗa da farko, babu wata kafa da ta bayyana a wacce shekara ce ko kuma wanene asalin mutumin da ya kafa wannan gari. Amma abin da muka tabbatar a binciken da muka gudanar shi ne cewa, ya kamata ya zama akwai mutane kamar yadda aka saba a al’adance da suke raye a wannan yanki a ƙauyuka tun kafin zuwan sarkin da ya baro Durɓi ya dawo Katsina.
Asalin sunan Katsina:
Wannan suna na Katsina akwai mashahuran ra’ayuyyuka maban-banta dangane da shi. Na farko, a bisa ruyawar kunne ya girmi kaka, an samu cewa, a ɗaya daga cikin sarakunan garin ‘Durɓi ta Kusheyi’, akwai wanda yake da mata mai suna ‘Katsi’, a lokacin da aka yi wannan ƙaura daga Durɓi aka dawo zuwa wannan gari da ake kira Katsina ta yau, sai ya biyo mutane yana tambayar cewa, ‘Katsi na nan? Katsi na nan?’, saboda haka sai aka rage yawan sunnan ya koma Katsina.
Amma a ra’ayin Ingawa (2006), ya kawo cewa wannan suna na Katsina ya samo asali ne daga sunan wani daga cikin ‘ya’yan sarautar Durɓi. Bayan tasowar sarki Korau da jama’arsa, sai aka yiwa wannan gari da wannan suna na Katsina. Ya kuma kafa hujjarsa da cewa kasantuwar akwai waccar kuka mai suna ‘Katsi’ da take a garin ‘Durɓi ta Kusheyi’ itama tana iya zamowa cewa shi wannan mutum mai suna ‘Katsi’ shi ya shuka ta.
Sannan kuma a akwai wata ruyawa ita ma ta ‘Kunne ya girmi kaka’ da ke cewa asalin wannan suna ya samo ne daga sunan wani bawan shi sarki Korau da yake tura shi yana wakiltarsa a wajen ginin ganuwar garin Katsina.
Gidan Korau:
Gidan korau shi ne fadar masarautar Katsina. Wannan gida na Korau an ce zamanin sarki Muhammadu Korau a shekarar 1348 aka gina shi. Wannan gida yana nan a tsakiyar tsohon birnin Katsina.
Hasumiyar Gobarau:
Wannan hasumiya mai tsohon tarihi an gina ta a shekarar 1348, a zamanin sarkin Katsina Muhammadu Korau (Kangiwa, 2014). Ita wannan hasumiya wani ɓangare ce ta babban masallacin Juma’a da ke cikin tsohon birnin Katsina. Wannan masallaci ya taɓa zama babbar jami’ar da ta ke a matsayin reshen jami’ar Sankore da ke Timbuktu ta ƙasar Mali. Ko siffar wannan hasumiya na tabbatar da haka. Bayan wannan kuma wannan masallaci shi ne masallacin farko da aka fara yi a garin na Katsina.
Ita wannan hasumiya a wancan lokaci ita ce gini mafi tsawo a garin na Katsina, saboda haka takan zama wata kafa ta leƙen asirin tsaro. Abin nufi shi ne cewa ana hawa kanta a hango nesa, musamman yankin Gobir, don hango abokan gaba daga nesa idan sun yi nufi kawowa Katsina hari, wannan kuma takan bawa ita Katsina cikakkiyar damar shirya faɗa da waɗannan abokan gaba.
Wannan gini da ake gani ba wai shi ne asalin ginin na farko ba, a’a, akwai wani lokaci a baya da gini ya ruguje, a saboda haka a zamanin wani sarki daga cikin sarakunan Katsina sai aka tattara magina na gargarjiya suka sake gina ta da zallar kwaɓaɓɓiyar ƙasa da sauran sinadaran gini na asali.
Kokawar Sanau da Muhammadu Korau:
Akwai ruwayoyi guda biyu dangane da wannan kokawa ta Sarki Sanau da kuma Sarki Korau. Ta farkon wacce muka samu daga gidan mai garin Durvi ta Kusheyi ta hanya isar da saƙon nan ta Kunne ya Girmi kaka, ta labarta mana cewa shi Korau lokacin da ya zo garin Katsina yana zaune sai ya riƙa yiwa matar sarki Sanau alheri, wato yana kyautata mata har sai da ya samu karvuwa a wajenta ya kai matakin da duk abin da ya nema idan tana da shi za ta iya bashi. Daga ƙarshe sai ya roƙe ta sanin sirrin qarfin kokawar sarki Sanau, sai ta sanar da shi cewa yana amfani da wata laya. Bayan wani ɗan lokaci sai ya sake roƙar ta cewa ta bashi wannan laya ta sarki Sanau yana da wata kokawa. Ta ɗan jinjina kafin ta bashi, amma dai daga ƙarshe ta bashi. Da ya karvi wannan laya sai ya kuma nemi Sarki Sanau da ya zo su buga kokawa, sarki sanau ya yi shela a gari ya kuma saka ranar kokawa, da rana ta zo Sanau ya waiwaici layarsa ya nema ya rasa, ya tambayi matarsa ta ce masa bata san ina ya ajiye ba. Da aka buga kokawa sai Korau ya buga Sanau da ƙasa. Wannan kaye shi ya kawo ƙarshen sarautar Sanau kuma farkon Sarautar Katsina
Kwalejin Horar da Malamai ta Katsina:
Wannan makaranta mai tsohon tarihi, ita ce makaranta mafi daɗewa a duk faɗin Arewancin Nijeriya. Tana daga cikin jagaban makarantun da suka yaye ɗaliban da suka jagoranci Nijeriya tun dauri. Daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibanta akwai Sir Ahmadu Bello, da kuma Sir Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa.
An samar da wannan makaranta a shekarar 1921, sannan kuma aka ƙaddamar da ita a ranar 5 ga watan Maris na shekarar 1922 ƙarƙashin babban gwamnan Nijeriya (Governor General of Nigeria) Sir Hugh Clifford da ɗaliban da yawansu yakai 50 daga dukkan lardodin Arewa (Kangiwa, 2014) na wancan lokacin wanda yanzu ya haɗa dukkan jahohin Arewa guda 19.
Bayan wasu shekaru ana gudanar da karatu a wannan makaranta sai aka canja mata suna ta koma Katsina Higher College a shekarar 1929 (Nigerian wiki, 2003; Barewa Old Boys Association, 2015).
Daga baya an ɗauke wannan makaranta daga wannan gari na Katsina aka mai da ita Kaduna aka kuma canja mata suna ta koma Kaduna College (Nigerian wiki, 2003; Barewa Old Boys Association, 2015). Bayan nan kuma sai aka sake ɗauke ta daga garin na Kaduna aka maida ita garin Zariya, inda aka sake canja ma ta suna ta koma Zaria Secondary School, sai kuma aka sake canja mata suna ta koma Government College Zaria, sannan aka sake mai da ita Barewa College, sunan da take riƙe da shi har zuwa yau ɗinnan (2016).
Waccan tsohon gini na Kwalejin Horas da Malamai da ke Katsina shi kuma an ayyana shi ya zama gidan tarihi na ƙasa a shekarar 1959. Har ya zuwa yau ɗin nan (2016), wannan makaranta tana nan a garin Katsina.
Durvi ta Kusheyi:
Durvi gari ne a cikin jihar Katsina, wanda ke da tazarar kusan kilomita 32 daga birnin Katsina. Wannan gari shi ne asalin fadar masarautar Katsina. Akwai abubuwan tarihi a wannan gari da ke tabbatar da kasantuwarsa fadar mulkin Katsina ta farko.
Wannan gari yanzu an fi kiransa da Durvi ta Kusheyi saboda samuwar kusheyi (ƙaburbura) irin na mutenen da. Wasu daga cikin ruwayoyin da muka samu na kunne ya girmi kaka sun labarta mana cewa kusheyin guda shida ne adadin sarakunan da suka zauna a garin kafin komawar garin Katsina. Amma a wani ƙauli sun ce ba wai kusheyin sarakuna ba ne, a’a, kusheyi ne dai na jama’ar gari saboda a al’adar mutanen gurin idan mutum ya mutu akan binne shi da dukkan abubuwan da ya mallaka.
Wannan ra’ayi ya samu goyon bayan hukumar tarihi da al’adu ta Katsina (History and Culture Bureau), wanda wani jami’inta ya gaya mana cewa akwai wasu abubuwa da masana tarihiri suka haƙo wanda ke tabbatar da faruwar wancan zance, ita ma dai wannan maganar bata samu ƙarfafa da gani na zahiri game da shi abin da aka tono ɗin ba.
Daga cikin abubuwan tarihin da har yanzu ke raye a wannan gari akwai fadar masarautar wacce ke kewaye da duwatsu da suke a jere kamar Katanga da kuma sarƙin bishiyoyi. A cikin fadar akwai wata kuka mai suna ‘Katsi’, wacce wasu ke alaƙanta samuwar sunan Katsina daga ita wannan kukar.
Sannan kuma akwai wani dutse mai ban al’ajabi da ake kira ‘Dutsen Bataretare’, dutsen da aka ce shi sarki Batare da jama’arsa suka bautawa. Majiyar kunne ya girmi kaka ta labarta mana cewa a wancan zamanin ana yiwa wannan dutse yanka, saboda haka idan mutum ya taka shi to zai haukace ko kuma ya mutu.
Sannan kuma akwai kusheyin mutanen da, wato ƙaburbura, waɗanda daga su ne aka canjawa garin suna ya zama Durvi ta Kusheyi.
Sannan kuma dai shi garin ya sha zama kushewa a kankansa, sai kuma daga baya mutane su sake komawa su zauna a cikinsa. A yanzu haka nan akwai jama’a a wannan gari.