Daga MAHDI MUSA MUHAMMAD
Rikicin da ya daɗe tsakanin ƙungiyar ISWAP da Boko Haram na ci gaba da sauya yanayin tsaro a yankin Arewa maso Gabashin Nijeriya. ƙungiyoyin biyu na fafatawa mai zafi domin mallakar yankuna, samun tasiri da albarkatu.
Sabon artabu da aka ruwaito a ranar Juma’a, 7 ga Agusta, ya sake jawo hankali kan mummunan rikicin da ke tsakanin ƙungiyoyin masu tayar da ƙayar baya, bayan rahotannin cewa mayaƙan ISWAP sun kai wani samame kan Bok Haram a yankin Bula Murge, cikin ƙaramar Hukumar Bama ta Jihar Borno, inda aka ce an kashe wasu manyan kwamandojin Boko Haram.
A wannan bincike na musamman, jairdar News Point Nigeria ta yi nazari kan tushen rikicin da ya raba ƙungiyoyin biyu, yadda ƙarfin iko ke sauyawa a tsakaninsu, yawan asarar rayukan da fafatawarsu ke haifarwa da kuma illar da hakan ke yi ga fararen hula da ayyukan tsaro a Arewa maso Gabas da yankin Tafkin Chadi.
Majiyoyi sun ce sabon rikicin ya faru ne a yankin Gargash, kusa da Bula Murge, mai tazarar kusan kilomita 11 daga arewacin Miyanti da kilomita 26 daga arewa maso gabashin Bama.
Muhimmancin wannan sabon artabu bai tsaya kan yawan waɗanda aka ce an kashe ba, domin yana kuma nuna yadda taƙaddamar da ke tsakanin ƙangiyoyin biyu ke ƙara sauya salo. Duk da cewa ƙungiyoyin na ci gaba da yaƙi da gwamnatin Nijeriya, a gefe guda kuma suna fafatawa da juna domin mallakar yankuna, albarkatu, tasiri da tsira.
Rahotanni sun ce cikin kwamandojin Boko Haram da aka kashe akwai Abu Ubaida, Modu Kori, Alhaji Modu, Mure, Zarkawi, Sheriff da Modu Maye, waɗanda ake zargin suna da muhimmiyar rawa wajen gudanar da ayyukan ƙungiyar a yankin.
A cewar rahotannin, mayaƙan ISWAP sun kai wa Boko Haram kwanton ɓauna ba zato, lamarin da ya yi sanadin asarar rayuka da dama tare da jefa sauran mayaƙan Boko Haram cikin ruɗani.
An kuma ce bayan rugujewar sansanonin ƙungiyar, bayanan sadarwar da aka tsare sun nuna cewa wasu daga cikin waɗanda suka tsira sun fara shirye-shiryen kwashe matansu da iyalansu zuwa Bula Daloye.
Rahotanni sun ce an ƙona sansanonin Boko Haram da ke Bula Murge da Nguro Bafuye a yayin harin, lamarin da ya hana ƙungiyar samun mafaka da wasu muhimman wuraren ajiye kayayyakin ayyukanta.
Saboda haka, majiyoyin tsaro sun shawarci sojojin da ke gudanar da ayyuka a Miyanti, Bama, Kumshe da ƙauyukan da ke kewaye da su da su ci gaba da matsa lamba kan ƙungiyoyin biyu ta hanyar kai hare-hare akai-akai, domin rage musu ƙarfin yaƙi da hana su sake tattara mayaƙa ko kafa sabbin sansanonin aiki.
Tushen rikicin Boko Haram da ISWAP:
Sabon artabun na Bula Murge dai wani babi ne kawai cikin dogon tarihin rikicin da ya daɗe yana gudana tsakanin Boko Haram da ISWAP, wanda ya haifar da sauye-sauye masu yawa a yanayin ta’addanci a Borno da sauran yankunan Tafkin Chadi.
Tushen rabuwar ƙungiyoyin ya samo asali ne daga rarrabuwar Boko Haram a shekarar 2016. Tun daga wannan lokaci, taƙaddamar ta rikiɗe zuwa fafatawa kan aƙida, shugabanci, mallakar yankuna, albarkatu da yadda ya kamata a mu’amalanci fararen hula.
Asalin Boko Haram ya bayyana a shekarun 2000, kafin ya shiga wani gagarumin rikici a biranen Arewa maso Gabas a shekarar 2009. Bayan matakin da jami’an tsaro suka ɗauka, ƙungiyar ta sake tsara kanta ƙarƙashin jagorancin Abubakar Shekau, inda daga bisani ta koma wani nau’in yaƙin ƙungiyoyin sa-kai a karkara.
A ƙarƙashin Shekau, JAS ta samu iko da wasu manyan yankuna a Jihar Borno tare da faɗaɗa ayyukanta zuwa wasu sassan Arewa maso Gabas da kuma yankunan kan iyakar Nijar, Chadi da Kamaru da ke kewaye da Tafkin Chadi.
A shekarar 2015, Shekau ya yi mubaya’a ga ƙungiyar ISIS da ke Iraki da Syria, abin da ya sa ƙungiyar ta fara amfani da sunan ISWAP. Sai dai rashin jituwa kan shugabanci da aƙida ya haifar da babbar ɓaraka a cikinta.
A shekarar 2016, waɗanda suka yi adawa da Shekau suka ɓalle, suka ci gaba da amfani da sunan ISWAP tare da samun amincewar ISIS, yayin da Shekau da mabiyansa suka koma amfani da sunan JAS, wato Boko Haram.
Rikicin bai tsaya kan batun shugabanci kawai ba. A tushensa akwai babbar taƙaddama kan yadda ya kamata mayaƙan jihadin su gudanar da mulki da kuma yadda za su mu’amalanci fararen hula.
Boko Haram ta yi suna wajen kai hare-hare ba tare da bambance-bambance ba kan fararen hula, ciki har da fashi da kwace dukiyoyi, yayin da ISWAP ta samar da wani tsari na gudanar da harkokinta wanda a cikinsa ake nuna bambanci wajen mu’amala da Musulmai da waɗanda ba Musulmai ba. ƙungiyar ta fi karkata wajen karɓar haraji daga al’ummomi da tilasta musu tsarin doka da oda da ta kafa, maimakon dogaro kawai da kwace musu dukiya.
Wannan bambanci ya ƙara bayyana ne lokacin da ISWAP ta karɓe wasu yankunan da JAS ta taɓa mallaka a Dajin Sambisa.
ISWAP ta sanya wa mayaƙan Boko Haram wasu ƙa’idoji, ciki har da hana fashi da kwace makamai. Wasu mayaƙan Boko Haram sun ƙi amincewa da sabon tsarin saboda suna ganin zai yi barazana ga hanyar rayuwarsu da tsarin da suka saba gudanar da ayyukansu. Wasu daga cikinsu sun miƙa wuya ga hukumomin Nijeriya, yayin da wasu suka zaɓi yin yaƙi. Hakan ya sauya rikicin zuwa wani irin “yaƙi a cikin yaƙi”.
Bayan mutuwar Shekau:
Mutuwar Abubakar Shekau a shekarar 2021, bayan da ISWAP ta fatattake shi a wani artabu, ta sa ake ganin cewa ISWAP za ta zama babbar ƙungiyar masu ƙirarin jihadi mai rinjaye.
Sai dai hakan bai faru gaba ɗaya ba.
A hankali, Boko Haram ta sake tattara ƙarfinta ƙarƙashin sabon shugabanci da ake dangantawa da Bakura Doro, inda daga ƙarshen 2022 ta fara wani gagarumin martani.
A shekarar 2023, rahotanni sun ce Boko Haram ta kwace iko da mafi yawan tsibirai da ke Tafkin Chadi waɗanda a baya ISWAP ke iko da su.
Haka kuma, wani ɓangare na ISWAP da ke yankin Tafkin Chadi ya sauya sheƙa zuwa Boko Haram a farkon shekarar 2023, lamarin da ya ƙara nuna yadda alaƙar ƙungiyoyin biyu ke sauyawa.
Wannan yaƙin cikin gida ya raunana ƙungiyoyin biyu.
Boko Haram na ci gaba da aiki a wasu sassan Tafkin Chadi da tsaunukan Mandara, yayin da ISWAP ke ƙoƙarin ƙarfafa tasirinta a tsakiyar Borno da wasu sassan gabashin Yobe.
Dukkan waɗannan yankuna na ɗauke da al’ummomin da shekaru na gudun hijira, durƙushewar hanyoyin samun abin dogaro da rashin tsaro suka riga suka raunana. Saboda sauye-sauyen rikicin, gwamnatocin ƙasashen Tafkin Chadi ba za su iya ɗaukar faɗace-faɗacen cikin gida tsakanin ƙungiyoyin jihadi a matsayin alamar cewa ta’addancin na daf da ƙarewa ba.
NIjeriya da abokan hulɗarta na yankin na buƙatar ci gaba da matsa lambar soji, tare da magance matsalolin jinƙai da shugabanci da ke ba ƙungiyoyin masu ɗauke da makamai damar ci gaba da samun tasiri.
Ya kamata a ci gaba da tallafin jinƙai tare da faɗaɗa shi, maimakon rage shi da wuri. Haka kuma gwamnati na buƙatar ƙarfafa shirye-shiryen da ke tallafa wa mayaƙan da suka mika wuya, tare da samar da ingantattun hanyoyin da waɗanda suka shirya barin tsattsauran ra’ayi za su koma cikin al’umma.
Ayyukan soji, musamman hare-haren sama, na buƙatar ƙarin sahihan bayanan sirri da tsauraran matakan tantance wuraren hari domin rage yiwuwar cutar da fararen hula.
Haɗin gwiwar ƙasashen yankin na da muhimmiyar rawa.
Haɗin gwiwar tsaro a tsibirai da gabar Tafkin Chadi ya yi rauni a ‘yan shekarun nan. Saboda haka, akwai buƙatar sake farfaɗo da ayyukan Rundunar Haɗin Gwiwa ta ƙasashen Tafkin Chadi, Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), wadda ta haɗa Nijeriya da sauran ƙasashen da ke kewaye da Tafkin Chadi.
Babban darasin da ake iya ɗauka shi ne cewa matsin lambar soji kaɗai ba zai iya kawo ƙarshen rikicin da ya samo asali tun shekaru da dama ba. Al’ummomi na buƙatar tsaro, ingantattun ayyukan gwamnati, damar samun abin dogaro da kuma tabbacin cewa gwamnati za ta iya kare rayukansu da dukiyoyinsu.
Ga Nujeriya da sauran ƙasashen yankin Tafkin Chadi, wannan na nufin cewa raunana wata ƙungiya ba za a iya ɗauka kai tsaye a matsayin nasara kan ta’addancin gaba ɗaya ba.
Babban ƙalubalen shi ne yadda za a yi amfani da rarrabuwar kawunan ƙungiyoyin jihadi wajen raunana su, ba tare da barin wannan rarrabuwa ta haifar da ƙarin haɗari ga fararen hula ba.
Artabun Bula Murge wani sabon tunatarwa ne cewa ta’addancin da ke Arewa maso Gabas ba ya cikin yanayin yaƙi tsakanin gwamnati da ƙungiyar masu ɗauke da makamai guda ɗaya kawai.
A maimakon haka, rikicin ya ƙara rikitarwa, inda ƙungiyoyin da ke gaba da juna ke fafatawa domin tsira, yankuna da tasiri, yayin da al’ummomi ke ci gaba da kasancewa a tsakiyar rikicin.
