Daga MAHDI MUSA MUHAMMAD
Wani sabon bincike da Cibiyar Sa-Ido Kan ’Yancin Addini a Afirka (ORFA) ta gudanar ya bayyana cewa tsakanin shekarar 2020 zuwa 2025, an kashe mutane 79,323 tare da yin garkuwa da fararen hula 34,773 sakamakon hare-haren ta’addanci a Nijeriya.
Rahoton mai taken “Four Times Boko Haram? How the World Misreads Nigeria’s Violence”, wanda aka ƙaddamar a Jos ranar Talata, ya ce alƙaluman sun bayyana girman matsalar tsaro da kuma sauyin yanayin tashe-tashen hankula da ƙasar ke fuskanta.
A cikin wata sanarwa da Babban Manazarcin Bincike na ORFA, Frans Vierhout, ya sanya wa hannu, an bayyana cewa a matsakaici ana kai hare-hare bakwai a kowace rana, yayin da mutane 36 ke rasa rayukansu a kullum a tsawon shekarun shida da binciken ya ƙunsa.
Rahoton ya nuna cewa daga cikin waɗanda aka kashe, fararen hula 42,033 ne, yayin da 37,290 suka kasance jami’an tsaro da kuma mayaƙan ƙungiyoyin ta’addanci.
ORFA ta ce, ta shafe shekaru tana tattarawa tare da kwatanta bayanai daga mabambantan tushe domin tantance yadda hare-haren suka gudana, tana mai cewa sakamakon binciken ya saɓa wa fahimtar da aka daɗe ana da ita kan musabbabin rikice-rikicen tsaro a Nijeriya.
A cewar rahoton, duk da cewa ana yawan danganta matsalar tsaro da ƙungiyoyin Boko Haram da Daular Musulunci ta Yammacin Afirka (ISWAP), binciken ya ce ƙungiyoyin biyu ne kaɗai ke da alhakin kashi 12 cikin 100 na kashe-kashen fararen hula, inda Boko Haram ke da kashi 8 cikin 100, yayin da ISWAP ke da kashi 4 cikin 100.
Sai dai rahoton ya yi iƙirarin cewa wasu ƙungiyoyin da ya kira “ƙungiyoyin ta’addancin Fulani” ne suka haddasa kashi 44 cikin 100 na kashe-kashen fararen hula, wanda ya kai mutane 18,577, idan aka kwatanta da 4,941 da aka danganta wa Boko Haram da ISWAP a haɗe.
Sai dai ORFA ta jaddada cewa tana bambance waɗannan ƙungiyoyin masu ɗauke da makamai da kuma al’ummar Fulani baki ɗaya. Rahoton ya ce mafi rinjayen Fulani ba su da hannu a ayyukan ta’addanci, don haka bai kamata a ɗora wa ƙabila gaba ɗaya laifin abin da wasu ƙungiyoyi ke aikatawa ba.
Yayin da yake tsokaci kan sakamakon binciken, Vierhout ya ce bayanan sun nuna wani tsari mai bayyana. Ya ce, binciken ya nazarci yadda ake kashe mutane, waɗanda ake kai wa hari, wuraren da ake kai hare-haren da kuma sauye-sauyen lokutan da hare-haren ke ƙaruwa, inda ya ce dukkan bayanan sun nuna wata hanya guda.
A cewarsa, tashin hankalin da ake dangantawa da ƙungiyoyin Fulani masu ɗauke da makamai ne ya fi haddasa mace-mace a Nijeriya, yana mai cewa mayar da hankali ga Boko Haram kaɗai da ƙasashen Yamma ke yi na iya ɓoye ainihin yanayin matsalar tsaro.
Dangane da garkuwa da mutane kuwa, rahoton ya ce an yi garkuwa da fararen hula 34,773, inda ya yi iƙirarin cewa ƙungiyoyin da ya kira “Fulani Terror Groups” ne suka aikata kashi 43 cikin 100 na sace-sacen, yayin da ƙungiyoyin da ba a tantance ba suka haddasa kashi 49 cikin 100.
Rahoton ya kuma yi nuni da abin da ya kira ɓangaren addini na rikicin, inda ya ce tsakanin 2020 zuwa 2025 an kashe Kiristoci 28,551 da kuma Musulmai 13,224. A cewar ORFA, idan aka yi la’akari da yawan jama’ar jihohin da rikicin ya fi shafa, ana kashe Kiristoci sau 4.4 fiye da Musulmai. Binciken ya kuma yi iƙirarin cewa mutanen da aka yi garkuwa da su suna fuskantar yanayi daban-daban gwargwadon addininsu.
Rahoton ya ce, an yi garkuwa da Kiristoci 15,932 da kuma Musulmai 15,272, yana mai cewa shaidun waɗanda suka tsira sun nuna Kiristoci kan fuskanci buƙatar kuɗin fansa mafi yawa, dogon lokaci kafin a sake su, tsangwama mafi muni da kuma haɗarin kashe su ko da bayan an biya kuɗin fansa.
Babban Manazarcin Bincike na ORFA, Steven Kefas, wanda shi ne marubucin littafin Captivity by Creed: The Religious Sorting System Nobody Talks About, ya ce binciken ya gano irin wannan tsari a wurare daban-daban. Ya ce, tun daga lokacin da aka kama mutum, yadda ake mu’amala da Musulmai da Kiristoci na bambanta, kuma wannan ba ya taƙaitu ga mutum ɗaya ko wata ƙungiya guda, illa tsarin da aka maimaita a jihohi da dama.
Rahoton ya kuma bayyana cewa kashi 75 cikin 100 na fararen hular da aka kashe sun mutu ne a hare-haren da aka kai wa al’ummomin manoma, waɗanda suka haɗa da garkuwa da mutane, fyaɗe da lalata dukiyoyi.
ORFA ta ce, tana tattara bayanai har guda 60 kan kowanne hari, tana amfani da hanyoyi biyar da suka haɗa da binciken fili, haɗin gwiwa da abokan hulɗa na cikin gida, binciken masana, rahotannin kafafen yaɗa labarai da ƙungiyoyin fararen hula, da kuma sahihan bayanai daga shafukan sada zumunta.
A ƙarshe, ƙungiyar ta buƙaci a fahimci abin da ta kira ɓangaren addini na rikicin Nijeriya, tana mai cewa duk wani yunƙurin magance matsalar tsaro ba zai yi cikakken tasiri ba matuƙar ba a yi la’akari da irin abubuwan da bincikenta ya gano ba.
