Daga MAHDI MUSA MUHAMMAD
Shekara ta 2025 ta kasance mai cike da sauye-sauye masu zurfi a Nijeriya, inda aka samu mubimman sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki, canjin siyasa da tsanantar ƙalubalen tsaro. Waɗannan abubuwa ne suka fi ɗaukar hankalin jama’a, tare da barin tasiri mai zurfi a rayuwar al’umma da tafiyar dimokuraɗiyyar ƙasar.
A ɓangaren ilimi, shekarar ta fara da taƙaddama tsakanin ƙungiyar Malaman Jami’o’i ta Nijeriya, ASUU, da Gwamnatin Tarayya. Wannan ne karo na farko da ASUU ta shiga yajin aiki tun bayan hawar Shugaba Bola Ahmed Tinubu kan mulki a 2023. A ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 2025, ASUU ta shiga yajin aikin gargaɗi na makonni biyu, bayan cikar wa’adin sanarwar kwanaki 14 da ta bai wa gwamnati. Buƙatun sun haɗa da ƙara tallafin kuɗi ga jami’o’i, inganta walwalar malamai, da sake duba yarjejeniyar 2009 da aka ƙulla tsakanin ASUU da Gwamnatin Tarayya.
Sai dai a ranar 22 ga Oktoba, ASUU ta dakatar da yajin aikin, ta bai wa gwamnati wa’adin wata guda domin cika alƙawuran da aka ɗauka. Duk da barazanar shiga yajin aiki na dindindin a ƙarshen Nuwamba, an samu daidaito ta hanyar ci gaba da tattaunawa. A ƙarshen Disamba 2025, ɓangarorin biyu sun cimma matsaya kan yarjejeniyar da ta shafe shekaru 16 tana jan hankali. Sabuwar yarjejeniyar ta fara aiki daga 1 ga Janairu, 2026, inda ta ƙunshi ƙarin albashi da kashi 40 cikin 100 ga malamai, kafa Hukumar Bincike ta ƙasa wadda za ta riƙa samun tallafin kuɗi da bai gaza kashi ɗaya cikin 100 na harajin cikin gida ba, tare da tabbatar da fansho ga farfesoshi daidai da albashinsu na shekara guda lokacin ritaya, yayin da shekarun ritaya suka koma 70. Haka kuma gwamnati ta ɗauki alƙawarin biyan bashin albashi da na ƙarin muƙami daga kasafin kuɗin 2026.
A ɓangaren tsaro, shekarar ta shaida ƙaruwar sace-sacen ɗalibai da suka tayar da hankulan al’umma. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, 2025, ‘yan bindiga sun sace sama da ɗalibai 300 da malamai daga Makarantar St. Mary’s Catholic School da ke Papiri a Jihar Neja, abin da ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi munin sace-sacen jama’a a tarihin Nijeriya. Kwana kaɗan kafin hakan, an kai hari a Makarantar ‘Yan Mata ta Gwamnati a Maga, Jihar Kebbi, inda aka sace ɗalibai 25 tare da kashe mataimakin shugaban makarantar. Sai dai daga baya jami’an tsaro sun samu nasarar ceto dukkan ɗaliban.
Waɗannan hare-hare sun tilasta wasu jihohi da gwamnatin tarayya rufe makarantu da dama, musamman a yankunan Arewa maso Yamma, Arewa maso Gabas da Arewa ta Tsakiya. Duk da jita-jitar rufe makarantu baki ɗaya a faɗin ƙasa, Ma’aikatar Ilimi ta Tarayya ta musanta hakan, tare da sanar da sake buɗe Makarantun Unity a ranar 17 ga Disamba, 2025. Shugaba Tinubu ya ɗauki matakan gaggawa ta hanyar umartar ɗaukar ƙarin ‘yan sanda 30,000, da kuma ba Rundunar Sojin Sama umarnin sanya ido a yankunan da ke da haɗari.
Ambaliyar ruwa ta kuma kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen shekarar, musamman a Jihar Borno. Daga watan Yuni zuwa Satumba, ruwan sama mai yawa ya haddasa ambaliya a Maiduguri da wasu ƙananan hukumomi, inda dubban mutane suka rasa matsugunansu. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa sama da mutane 64,000 ne ambaliya ta shafa a jihohin Borno, Adamawa da Yobe zuwa watan Agusta 2025. Gwamnatin Borno ta ware sama da naira biliyan 4.45 domin gyaran hanyoyin da ambaliya ta lalata, tare da shirin kafa tsarin martani na dindindin a ƙarƙashin Hukumar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta Jiha.
A ɓangaren wasanni da sufuri, haɗarin mota da ya rutsa da fitaccen ɗan damben Nijeriya da Birtaniya, Anthony Joshua, ya girgiza ƙasa. Haɗarin da ya faru a ranar 29 ga Disamba, 2025, a kan babbar hanyar Legas–Ibadan ya yi sanadiyyar rasuwar wasu daga cikin abokan tafiyarsa, lamarin da ya sake tayar da muhawara kan tsaro a manyan hanyoyi. ƙididdigar Hukumar Kiyaye Haɗurra ta ƙasa (FRSC) ta nuna cewa tsakanin Janairu da Satumba 2025, kusan mutane 3,915 ne suka mutu a haɗurran mota, adadi da ke nuna ƙaruwa idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata.
A fagen siyasa, shekarar 2025 ta kasance cike da rikice-rikice da sauye-sauye. A watan Maris, Shugaba Tinubu ya ayyana dokar ta-ɓaci a Jihar Ribas sakamakon rikicin siyasa da lalata bututun mai, lamarin da ya kai ga dakatar da gwamnan jihar na tsawon watanni shida kafin daga bisani a dawo da shi a watan Satumba. Haka kuma jam’iyyar APC ta fuskanci sauyin sheƙa daga manyan ‘yan siyasa, ciki har da wasu gwamnoni na PDP, lamarin da ya haifar da fargabar komawa tsarin jam’iyya ɗaya.
Rasuwar tsohon Shugaban ƙasa Muhammadu Buhari a watan Yuli 2025 ta girgiza ƙasa, inda aka yi masa jana’iza a garinsa na Daura, Jihar Katsina.
A lokaci guda, manyan ‘yan adawa kamar Atiku Abubakar da Peter Obi sun koma jam’iyyar ADC, suna ƙoƙarin gina wata ƙarfi ta uku gabanin zaɓen 2027.
A ɓangaren tattalin arziki, gwamnati ta rattaba hannu kan sabbin dokokin haraji a watan Yuni 2025, inda aka ware masu ƙaramin ƙarfi daga biyan haraji, yayin da aka ƙara haraji ga masu samun kuɗaɗe masu yawa. Duk da samun ɗan farfazowa a tattalin arziki da raguwar hauhawar farashi zuwa kusan kashi 22 cikin 100, matsalar tsadar abinci ta ci gaba da damun jama’a. Nijeriya ta kuma samu karɓuwa a matsayin ƙasa mai haɗin gwiwa da ƙungiyar BRICS a farkon shekarar.
A ƙarshe, batutuwan tsaro da hulɗa da ƙasashen waje sun ɗauki sabon salo, inda aka kama manyan jami’an soja bisa zargin yunƙurin juyin mulki, tare da kai hare-haren haɗin gwiwa da Amurka kan sansanonin ‘yan ta’adda a Arewa maso Yamma. Dukkan waɗannan abubuwa sun sanya shekarar 2025 ta zama shekara mai cike da darussa, ƙalubale da kuma sauye-sauyen da za su ci gaba da tasiri a nan gaba.
