Tare da BILKISU YUSUF ALI
Gabatarwa:
ƙwari (pests) na ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsaloli da su ke addabar gidaje a duniya baki ɗaya, musamman a yankunan da ke da ɗumi, kamar ƙasashennmu na Afrika. Su kan haifar da babbar illa ga lafiyar ɗan Adam da tsaftar abinci da zaman lafiya a gida. Wannan bincike yana duba hanyoyin da za a bi don magance ƙwari cikin sauƙi ta hanyar haɗa hanyoyin zamani da na gargajiya.
Ma’anar ƙwari:
ƙwari na nufin kowanne irin dabbobi ko kwari da ke tsoma baki ko cutar da rayuwar ɗan Adam abinci, muhalli ko lafiyar jiki. Su kan yaɗu a gidaje da gonaki da ma’aikatu. Ana kallonsu a matsayin barazana ga tsafta da lafiya.
Nau’o’in ƙwari da suka fi addabar gida:
A gidaje ƙwari da suka fi yawan bayyana sun haɗa da:
ɓeraye
Tsutsa (cockroaches)
Sauro
Tsaka (termites)
Kunama da macizai (a yankunan karkara)
Ants (ƙuda)
Kuɗin cizo(bedbugs)
Gizo-gizo (spiders)
Illolin ƙwari a Gida
Rashin tsafta da ƙazanta
ɓeraye da tsutsa kan yaɗa kashi da fitsari a kan abinci da kayan gida.
Yaɗuwar cututtuka:
Sauro na haddasa zazzabin cizon sauro (malaria), beraye na iya yada cutar leptospirosis, bedbugs na haddasa ƙaiƙayi da rashin barci.
Lalata dukiya
Termites na cin itace, ɓeraye na sare wutar lantarki.
Tashin hankali da rashin kwanciyar hankali a gida.
Allergy da wahala ga masu rashin lafiya (asthma, eczema).
Dalilan da Ke Jawo ƙwari a Gida
Abinci da aka bari a waje ko a buɗe.
Ruwa ko danshi a gida (hujewar magudanan ruwa da ruwan sama da ruwa daga fridge).
Gidaje marasa tsafta, ba sa samun sharewa ko wankewa akai-akai.
Rashin amfani da magungunan kwari.
Wuraren shaƙatawa masu dausayi da danshi.
Gidaje da tsofaffin bene ko duwatsu.
Hanyoyin magance ƙwari na gida na gargajiya (traditional methods):
1. Ashafa (Lime) da ruwan tafarnuwa – akan shafa a wuraren da tsutsa ko beraye ke yawo.
2. Gawayi (charcoal) da bawon albasa – akan jefa a ma’ajiyar abinci domin hana kwari.
4. Tafarnuwa da albasa da ɓawon lemo na korae sauro .
5. Amfani da hayaki daga ganyen neem ko lemon grass yana korar sauro da wasu ƙwari.
6. Ruwan gishiri da ruwan lemun tsami – na kashe tsutsa.
Hanyoyin rigakafi:
Tsafta: Tsabtace gida kullum – share ƙasa da wanke kwanuka da wuri.
Rufe abinci da kyau da amfani da kwanuka masu murfi.
Tsaftace ɗakunan girki.
Yin amfani da labule ko net don hana shigowar sauro.
Rufe ramuka da tuka-tuka da gefen kofofi/fatattun bene.
Yin maganin kwari lokaci-lokaci.
Gyarawa da rage danshi a gidaje.
Kammalawa:
ƙwari matsala ce da ke barazana ga lafiya da walwala a gida. Magance su na buƙatar haɗin gwiwar tsafta, amfani da dabaru masu tasiri da kuma lura da hanyoyin da suke bi don shiga gida. Kowane gida ya kamata ya mayar da hankali wajen kare lafiyar mazauna ta hanyar hana ƙwari da kuma yakar su idan sun bayyana.
Manazarta (References):
World Health Organization. Pest and ɓector control. (2021)
Centers for Disease Control and Preɓention (CDC). Integrated Pest Management (IPM) – https://www.cdc.goɓ
Mayo Clinic. Health risks from pests in the home.
National Pest Management Association. Pest Identification Guide.
5. Jibril, M. et al (2022). “Traditional Methods of Household Pest Control in Northern Nigeria.” African Journal of Environmental Health.
