Daga MAHDI M. MUHAMMAD
A wannan mako Blueprint Manhaja ta yi nazari ne tare da tattaro wasu daga cikin rubutun masana dangane da asalin tarihin Masarautar Ilorin da mutanenta.
Ilorin, ita ce helikwatar mulki ta jihar Kwara da ke Nijeriya, sannan kuma fadar masarautar Ilorin. Tana da nisan Kilomito 450 idan aka bi hanyar Ilorin zuwa Makwa, zuwa Bida, Zuwa Minna, Zuwa Buwari, zuwa babban birnin tarayyar Nijeriya, Abuja. Idan kuma ta hanyar Lokwaja ne, to zai kusan kimanin kilomita 500 zuwa Abuja. Dangane da yaushe aka kafa wannan guri akwai ƙaulani. Sai dai, abu mafi shahara shi ne cewa; wannan gari da kuma masaurata mai cike da abubuwan al’ajabi, wani yanki ce a cikin tsohuwar daular Oyo.
Birnin Ilorin, matattara ce ta yarurruka mabambanta waɗanda suka zama abu guda tare da Yarabanci a matsayin babban yare da Fulani a matsayin sarakuna. Wato al’adar Yarabawa ita ce babbar al’adar garin, sannan kuma Fulani suke sarautar garin.
Birnin Ilorin, birni ne da aka kafa shi a muhallin da ya bashi cikakkiyar damar da ya tava zama babbar cibiyar cinikayya, sannan kuma masaukin attajirai, kuma rundunar mayaƙa, kasancewarsa shi ne ɗefin arewacin Nijeriya, sannan kuma a ƙasar Yarabawa yake.
Tushe:
Ra’ayuyyukan marubuta sun sassaɓa dangane da lokacin da wannan gari na Ilorin ya fara. Amma wasu da dama daga cikinsu sun tafi akan cewa Ilorin yanki ce a ƙarshen arewancin Daular Oyo ta wancan lokacin wanda jama’a ke zaune a warwatse (Awolabi da Adio, 2013; Omoiya, 2013). Akwai ƙabilun Ojo Ise Kuse, Asaju, Okesuna, da kuma Ƙabilar Fulani da ke zaune warwatse a yankin kowa na zaman kansa (Omiya, 2013).
Kafuwar garin Ilorin:
Jama’ar da ke zaune warwatse a wancan yanki suna fuskantar matsanancin zalunci daga hannun sarkin Oyo na wancan zamani, saboda haka a farko-farkon qarni na goma sha tara sai wani mayaƙi mai suna Afonja, wanda ke a matsayin sarkin yaƙin Oyo a lokacin, kuma haifaffen yankin Ilorin ɗin (Ashiwaju et al, 1991; Awolabi da Adio, 2013), ya bijirewa waccar Daula ta Oyo, da nufin ƙwato ‘yancin waɗannan jama’a da ake zalunta. Amma a ruyawar ‘Kunne ya Girmi Kaka’, ya zo cewa shi Afonja mayaƙin gaske ne da ke iya fita yaqi shi kaɗai, to a irin wannan fitar ne bayan an tura shi yaƙi kuma ya samu galaba, a kan hanyarsa ta komawa Oyo, sai ya yada zango a garin na ilorin da nufin kafa tasa daular.
Da Afonja ya bijire wa Daular Oyo, sai ya riƙa gayyato dukkan sauran jama’ar da ke warwatse a sassa daban-daban da ke kewaye da wannan guri da nufin su zo su zauna waje guda su haɗa ƙarfi-da-ƙarfe su yaƙi wannan mummunar danniya da zalunci ta Daular Oyo. Jama’a da suka haɗa da ‘yan kasuwa waɗanda haraji ya addaba, bayi da ake musgunawa, Fulani makiyaya da malamai da kuma asalin marhaban da ke zaune a wannan yanki, sai suka riƙa yin tururuwa zuwa wannan yanki, suna masu amsa wannan gayyata ta Afonja. Daga cikin gagga-gaggan mutanen da Afonja ya gayyata zuwa wannan yanki akwai wani mashahurin malami mai suna Shehu Alimi, amma asalin sunansa shi ne Sheikh Salihu ibn Janta kamar yadda ya zo a (Kwara State University, 2011), Bafullace ne, sannan akwai wani hamshaƙin attajirin Bayarabe mai suna Sholaberu. An gayyaci Shehu Alimi zuwa wannan gari don ya bada gudunmawa ta fuskacin addu’a kamar yadda ya saba a waccar Daula ta Oyo. Shehu Alimi da Sholaberu dukkansu mazauna garin Kuwu ne Ɗanmole (1980), kamar yadda ya zo (Omiya, 2014).
Narkewar garin Ilorin zuwa masarauta:
Kafuwar masarautar Ilorin ya biyo bayan ayyana jihadi ne da wancan mashahurin malami Sheikh Salihu ibn Janta ya yi a shekarar 1823 bayan rasuwar Afonja. Sheikh Salihu ibn Janta ya rasu bayan rasuwar Afonja da Shekara biyu. Kamar yadda ya zo a (Kwara State University, 2011). Tun daga wannan lokaci, Abdussalami (wanda yake ɗa ne ga shi shehu Alimi) ya ɗaura ɗamarar Jihadi inda ya riqa fatattakar tsohuwar Daular Oyo har sai da ya cimmata ta koma ƙarƙashin mulkin masarautarsa ta Ilorin.
Sarki Abdussalami bayan zamowarsa Sarki, ya fuskanci barazanoni da dama ta ciki da wajen Ilorin. Daga cikin gida akwai barazana ta waɗanda suka so a ce su ne a kan kujerarsa, sannan kuma daga wajen gida akwai abokan adawa da ke hanƙoron ganin wannan jaririyar masarauta bata kai ko’ina ba, sannan da babban buri da yake da shi na ganin cewa wannan masarauta ya ɗora ta a turbar addinin Islama (Ɗanmole, 2011).
Dukkan waɗannan barazononi, Sarki Abdussalami ya ga ƙarshensu. Da farko ya fara da rubuta wasiƙar neman haɗewa da Daular Shehu Usmanu ta hannun sarkin Gwandu Abdullahi, wanda ya samu nasarar yin hakan. Sannan sai kafa gwamnatin haɗaka da ya yi ta hanyar naɗa wasu mataimaka guda huɗu – akwai Balogun Gambari (Sarkin Hausawa) wanda shi ke kula da dukkan abubuwan da suka shafi Hausawa kamar irinsu kasuwancinsu da sauran mayaƙan Hausawa ’yan gudun hijira; akwai kuma Balogun Fulani (Sarkin Fulani), shi ke kula da dukkan Fulani makiyaya da ke zaune warwatse a wannan yankin na Ilorin musamman kudu da birnin na Ilorin; Balogun Alanamu da Akinjobi (Sarkin Yarabawa), wanda shi kuma shi ke kula da dukkan al’amuran da suka shafi Yarabawa (Ashiwaju et al, 1991; Ɗanmole, 2011).
Wannan naɗi da ya yi na waɗannan mataimaka, ya bashi cikakkiyar dama ta ɗinke ɓarakar da ke ƙoƙarin kunno kai a cikin gidansa a wancan lokaci, sannan kuma ita ce harwayau abinda ta zamar masa ƙarfi na tunkarar abokan adawa da ke wajen masarautarsa. Da wannan ƙarfi ya ratattaki sauran garuruwan da ke kewaye da shi wanda hakan ta bashi nasarar faɗaɗa masarautar Ilorin tun daga garin na Ilorin har zuwa fadar tsohuwar daular Oyo.
Samun wannan nasara da wannan masarauta ta Ilorin ta yi a kan sauran yankunan da ke kewaye da ita, ciki kuma har da waccar babbar Daula ta Oyo wacce ita kanta Ilorin ɗin ta taɓa zama a ƙarƙashinta tun tana ƙauye, da kuma zamowar masarautar Ilorin ƙarƙashin Daular Shehu Ɗanfodiye, da kuma kasancewar garin na Ilorin a ƙarshen arewa ta Kudu kuma ƙarshen Kudu ta Arewa, da ma kasantuwarta ƙasa mai albarkar noma, sun bawa ita Ilorin ɗin cikakkiyar dama ta samu haɓɓakar tattalin arziki, bunƙasar ilimi, tasirin siyasa, da sauransu, cikin ƙaramin lokaci. Saboda mutane daga sassa daban-daban na duniya sun riƙa tururuwa zuwa wannan gari da nufin hijira, kasuwanci, ko neman ilimi. Ashiwaju et al (1991) ya ce, wacce ta fara ɗaukakowa a farkon ƙarni na goma sha tara ta hanyar ɗaukar hankali maharba, da fatake da kuma riƙe su, ya zuwa 1840 ta zama katafariyar alƙariya wacce ta haɗiye tsohuwar daular Oyo.
Za mu ci gaba a mako na gaba.
Mun ciro wannan tarihi ne daga shafin:
Omoiya Y. S. (2013). The location of economic potentials of a frontier community in Nigeria: An exploit on Ilorin in the 20th Century. Department of History and International Studies University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): An ciro a shekarar 2016, daga shafin: www.ijhssi.org.