Daga MAHDI MUSA MUHAMMAD
Ko da Nijeriya ba ta samu sunan “Gwamnatin Afrika” ba, saboda yawan jama’a ko girman tattalin arzikinta kaɗai ba, duk da haka a tsawon shekaru ta kafa tarihin shiga lamarin ƙasashen Afrika duk lokacin da dimokuraɗiyya, zaman lafiya ko tsaron jama’a suka fuskanci barazana.
Tsarinta na tsoma bakin soja ya sake fitowa fili a baya-bayan nan, lokacin da ta tura dakarunta ƙasar Binin domin daƙile yunƙurin juyin mulkin da sojoji suka taso da shi. Wannan ba sabon abu ba ne — akwai dogon jerin ƙasashen da Nijeriya ta shiga don taimako.
Ga cikakken tarihin ƙasashen da Nijeriya ta taimaka da dalilan tsoma bakin:
Tanganyika – 1964:
Shekarar 1964 ta fara nuna irin rawar da Nijeriya za ta taka a Afrika, lokacin da Tanganyika (wanda yanzu ake kira Tanzania) ta faɗa cikin tawaye da ya tilasta Shugaba Julius Nyerere ya tsere. Nijeriya ta tura Bataliya ta Uku ƙarƙashin Lt. Colonel James Yakubu Pam, inda suka taimaka wajen dawo da doka da oda, kama gungun masu tawaye, har ma da shiga aikin ƙirƙirar sabon rundunar sojin da ta zama Tanzania People’s Defence Force daga baya. Wannan aikin ne ya buɗe ƙofar haɗewar Tanganyika da Zanzibar.
Kongo – 1964:
A shekarar nan ma, Nijeriya ta shiga Congo a matsayin ɓangare na babban rundunar sojin Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya, domin taimaka wa sabuwar ƙasar da ke fama da rikice-rikice bayan janyewar Beljiyam. Sojojin Nijeriya ƙarƙashin Janar Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kare fararen hula, daidaita tashoshin jiragen sama, da tabbatar da tsaron cibiyoyin gwamnati.
Angola – 1975:
Angola ta sami yancin kai ne cikin wutar yaƙin basasa tsakanin MPLA, FNLA da UNITA, wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na yaƙin cacar baka tsakanin manyan ƙasashe. Nijeriya ƙarƙashin Janar Murtala Muhammad ta goyi bayan MPLA, ta bayar da tallafi na kuɗi da kayan aiki, tare da matsayin diflomasiyya mai ƙarfi don rage tasirin Afirka ta Kudu da Amurka a yammacin nahiyar.
Mozambiƙue – 1975:
Kamar Angola, Mozambiƙue ta faɗa cikin goma-goma bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga Portugal. Rikicin ya samu tallafi daga ƙasashen Apartheid da Rhodesia, lamarin da ya sa Nijeriya ta shiga don tallafa wa sabuwar gwamnatin FRELIMO, ta hanyar diflomasiyya, tallafin leƙen asiri da agajin soja.
Chad – 1983:
A ƙoƙarinta na hana faɗaɗa tasirin Libya a Chadi, Nijeriya ta yi jagorancin sojojin OAU domin daƙile tashe-tashen hankula da suka yi barazana ga gwamnatin Hissene Habre. Duk da cewa ƙoƙarin bai daɗe ba, Nijeriya ta yi rashi da yawa a wannan aiki.
Liberia – 1989 da 2003:
Babu inda tasirin Nijeriya ya fi bayyana kamar Liberia. A 1990, Nijeriya ta jagoranci ECOMOG – rundunar da ta zama mafi girma da ta fi jini zuba a tarihin Afrika – domin dakatar da barnar da ya biyo bayan fitowar Charles Taylor da rikicin da ya ruguza ƙasar. A 2003, rikici ya sake ɓallewa. Nijeriya ta tura sojoji, ta kafa tsaro a Monrovia, ta tilasta wa Charles Taylor ya sauka daga mulki, sannan ta ba shi mafaka a Calabar. Wannan ya buɗe hanyar da ta kai ga zaben 2005.
Sierra Leone – 1998:
Bayan juyin mulkin AFRC/RUF, ECOMOG ƙarƙashin jagorancin Nijeriya ta ƙaddamar da Operation Sandstorm, ta tunkari birnin Freetown cikin ƙarfi. Sojojin Nijeriya sun yi yaƙi mai tsananin wahala, sun fatattaki ‘yan tawayen, kuma suka dawo da Shugaba Ahmad Tejan Kabbah kan mulki. Wannan shi ne mafi nasara a dukkan tsoma bakin sojin da Nijeriya ta taɓa yi.
Sao Tome da Principe – 2003:
Yunƙurin juyin mulki ya afku a lokacin da Shugaba Fradiƙue de Menezes ya fita ƙasa. Nigeria ta tura jiragen ruwa na soji zuwa gabar tsibirin cikin sa’o’i, tare da shirin tura bataliya. Sakon Obasanjo ya isa cikin ƙarfi — sai sojojin juyin mulkin suka mika wuya, suka dawo da gwamnati cikin kwanaki bakwai kacal.
Guinea-Bissau – 2012:
Bayan da sojin Guinea-Bissau suka hambarar da gwamnatin wucin-gadi, Nijeriya ta jagoranci aikin ECOWAS wajen dawo da tsarin mulki, ta tura dakarunta, ta kare cibiyoyin gwamnati har zuwa 2014 lokacin da aka dawo da zaɓe.
Gambia – 2017:
Yahya Jammeh ya ki sauka daga mulki bayan ya sha kaye. ECOWAS ta yi gargaɗi. Nijeriya ta shiga cikin aiki – daga tekun Banjul har jirage masu saukar ungulu. Jammeh ya gudu cikin sa’o’i bayan ganin cewa ba zai iya tserewa ba. Adama Barrow ya koma gida cikin kariya, kuma Nijeriya ta tsaya a Gambia har 2020.
Benin – 2025:
Sabon yunƙurin juyin mulki a Jamhuriyar Benin ya sa shugaban ƙasar ya nemi taimakon Najeriya. Tinubu ya umarci Operation Restore Order, inda jiragen yaƙin Nijeriya suka kwace sararin samaniyar ƙasar, suka tarwatsa wuraren mayaƙan. Hakan ya karya juyin mulkin cikin sauri, ya kare dimokuraɗiyya.
Daga Tanganyika zuwa Benin, Nijeriya ta sake tabbatar da cewa ba kawai ƙasar da ke da yawan jama’a ba ce — ƙasa ce da ta ɗauki nauyin kare zaman lafiya a Afrika. A wasu lokuta ta tura manyan dakarun soja, a wasu ta yi amfani da diflomasiyya, tallafi ko tsangwamar siyasa. Sai dai farashin aikin ya kasance mai tsada: rayukan sojoji, kuɗaɗen gwamnati, da matsin lamba na siyasa.
