Daga MAHDI MUSA MUHAMMAD
Akwai masu ganin cewa sunan zazzau ya samu asali ne daga wani takobin mai suna Zazzau, wadda wasu ke kallon daga sunansa aka sanyawa daular suna. Akwai masu kallon cewa asalin takobin ta sarki Gunguma ce wadda ya yaƙi abokan gaba da ita, don haka aka ajiyeta a masarautar bayan rasuwarsa ta yadda kowanne sarki ya zo sai ya sha alwashi da ita.
Haka kuma babu takamaimen lokacin da sarkin Gunguma ya soma sarautar Zazzau da kuma adadin shekarun da ya yi da shi da sarakunan nan goma sha shidda da suka gabacesa. Wataƙila hakan ta faru kasancewar Zazzau ba ta da tsohon ajiyayyen rubutaccen tarihi, misalin irin na masarautar Kano. To amma duk da haka, an haƙiƙa an ce rayuwar sarakunan ta wanzu ne sama da ƙarni na goma sha ɗaya, zuwa ƙasa da ƙarni na goma sha biyar. Haka kuma Leo Africanus ya ruwaito cewa, a wajajen shekara ta 5012 miladiyya daular Songhai ta ƙasar Mali da Sarki Muhammadu Askiya na zaya ke jagoranta ta kwace ikon daular Zariya.
Wataƙila a lokacin sarki Muhammadu Abu (sarki na goma sha takwas) ne ke sarauta, ko kuma tana iya yiwuwa Muhammadu Abu ya hau sarauta ne da sahalewar torankawan Mali waɗanda suka kawo Musulunci Zazzau tunda a jerin sunayen sarakunan nasa ne ya fara da Muhammadu. Daga nan sai wani abu da aka ji akan sarkin Zariya na 22 Bakwa Turunku. An ce, shi ne mahaifin Sarauniya Amina, da ’yar uwarta Khadija mai laƙabin Zariya wanda ya taso da cibiyar daular Zazzau daga wani wuri zuwa wani. Khadija ce akace ta kafa wani ɗan ƙauye mai suna Zariya, wanda yanzu ya bunƙasa har cibiyar daular Zazzau ke ciki.
Wasu na ganin abubuwa biyu ne suka sanya haka. Na farko aka ce ba ta zauna a Zazzau ta yi mulki ba a lokacin ta zamo shugaba, sai kawai ta fita cinye garuruwa da faɗaɗa girman daularta. Abu na biyu kuwa shi ne wanda ake kallon Amina a matsayin sarauniya, kuma shugabar mayaƙa wadda ba itace lamba ɗaya mai faɗa a ji a Zazzau ba. An samu cewar a Zazzau ana kiran ’yar sarki da suna Sarauniya, mahaifiyar sarki kuma da suna Iya. An ce waɗannan mataye biyu na da faɗa a ji da matuƙar tasiri a masarautar Zazzau, don haka wasu ke hasashen Amina a sarauniya kawai ta ke, watau ɗiya ga sarki Bakwa Turunku, kuma danuwanta shi ne wanda ya zama sarki bayan rasuwar mahaifinsu, ita kuwa sai ta cigaba da zamowarta sarauniya, wadda ta fita ƙasashe yaƙi na tsawon shekaru har kuma ta mutu a can ba tare da ta yi aure ba.
Ya ce, kumu Amina ta yi sharafi tsawon shekaru 34. Amma abu mai gaskata wanzuwar Amina shi ne wani kufai da ake samu a garuruwan da ta ci ko ta sauka wanda ake kira da suna ‘Ganuwar Amina’. Wanda kuma har yanzu akwai ɓurɓushinsa a garuruwa da yawa cikin ƙasar Hausa da na makwabta. ƙari akan ƙasashen da aka ce Amina ta ci galabar yaƙi akai baya da ƙasashen Nufawa da na Kwararrafawa, akwai ƙasar Gwari, ƙasar Kano, ƙasar Katsina, da ƙasashen yankin Nasarawa. Tarihin Kafuwar Daular Zazzau Kashi na shidda Sauran sarakunan da akace sunyi sarautar Zazzau da shekarun mulkinsu sune kamar haka:- (koda yake akwai saɓanin shekaru daga masu ruwaitoci), Ibrahim 1539-1560 Karama 1566-1576 Kofa 1576-1578 Bako I 1578-1581 Aliyu I 1581-1587 Ismailu 1587-1568 Musa 1598-1599 Gabi 1598-1601 Hamza 1601-1602 Abdaku 1602-1610 Burewa 1610-1613 Aliyu II 1613-1640 Makama Rabo 1640-1641 Ibrahim Basuka 1641-1654 Bako II 1654-1657 Sukwana 1657-1658 Aliyu III 1658-1665 Ibrahim Dan Aliyu 1665-1668 Mamman Abu 1668-1686 Sune 1686-1686 Bako ɗan Musa 1696-1701 Isiyaku ɗan Gabi 1701-1703 Burema Ashakuka 1703-1704 Bako ɗan Sukwana 1704-1715 Muhammadu ɗan Gunguma 1715-1726 Uban Bawa 1726-1733 Muhammadu Gabi 1733-1734 Abu muhanad Gani 1735 Gabir ɗan Ashakuka 1734-1737 Makama Abu 1737-1737 Bawo 1737-1757 Yunusa 1759-1767 Yakubu 1765-1764 Aliyu IB 1767-1773 Cikkoku 1773-1779 58. Muhammad Maigamo 1779-1782 Jatau (isiyaku) 1782-1802 Makau 1802-1804.
Sarakunan Zazzau na Fulani bayan Jihadin Shehu Usmanu ɗan Fodiyo:- Sarkin Zazzau Malam Musa 1804-1821 Sarkin Zazzau Malam Yamusa 1821-1834 Sarkin Zazzau Malam Abdulkarimu 1834-1846 Sarkin Zazzau Malam Hammada ( kwana hamsin da uku ya yi) Sarkin Zazzau Malam Mahamman Sani 1846-1853 Sarkin Zazzau malam sidi ( shima wata ya yi yana mulki). Sarkin Zazzau Malam Abdulsalam 1853-1863 Sarkin Zazzau Malam Abdullahi 1863-1873 Sarkin Zazzau Malam Abubakar 1873-1876 Sarki Malam sambo 1881-1890 Sarki Malam Yero 1890-1897 Sarki Malam Kwasau 1897-1903 Sarki Malam Alu ɗan Sidi 1903-1920 Sarki Malam ɗalhatu 1920-1924 Sarki Malam Ibrahim 1924-1936 Sarki Malam Jafa’ru 1937-1959 Sarkin Zazzau Alhaji Muhammadu Aminu 1959-1975 Sarkin Zazzau Alhaji Shehu Idris 1975-2020, Sarki Zazzau Alhaji Ahmed Nuhu Bamalli 2020 zuwa yau.
An kiran fadar Zazzau ko gidan sarkin Zazzau da suna ‘gidan Bakwa’, kuma yana nan a unguwar da ake kira kofar Fada da ke tsakanin Madarkachi da Fadamar Bono. A nan ne kusan duk sarakunan da suka hau karagar mulkin daular su ke zama. An ce tun zamanin Sarki Bakwa Turunku aka gina shi, a wajajen 5036 miladiyya kenan, don haka ma ake kiran gidan da sunansa. Wasu suka ce wani maharbi ne ya bada shawarar ayi gidan anan bisa dalilai na tsaro. Da fari, ya ce wajen kan tudu ne, zai baiwa jagoran gari damar kallon duk abubuwan da ke faruwa a Kufena, Turunku, Hange da sauran unguwannin cikin ganuwa. Sannan wajen ya fi kusa da tsakiyar gari inda da zarar an buga kugen taruwar jama’a, mutane zasu runtomu da gaggawa. Wannan fada an gina ta da turɓaya ne, kuma an kasa ta gida huɗu. Akwai Fada inda sarki ke zama da fadawa a yi fadanci. Akwai sashen da sarki ke kwanciya. Akwai cikin gida sashen da iyalan sarki su ke. Sai kuma tsohuwar gida inda barorin sarki su ke. Amma a ƙarni na goma sha takwas, An ce sanannan maginin nan mai suna Muhammadu Durungu, Babban Gwani ya sake sabunta gidan tare da gina masa sabbin ɗakuna na ƙasaita. Haka kuma bayan jihadin Fulani, sarki na farko watau Mallam Musa bai shiga gidan ba bisa tsoron kada ya zama mai aikata irin abinda Hausawan haɓe ke aikatawa kafin jihadi, don haka ya yi mulkin Zazzau daga gidansa da ke unguwar Kwarbai.
Wanda ya biyo bayansa Mallam Yamusa shima bai shiga gidan Bakwa ba bisa wancan tsoro, sai ya yi mulki a gidansa da ke Unguwar ƙaura. Daga nan sai Malam Abdulkarim da ya zo, shi kuma ya shiga gidan Bakwa ya yi sarauta, kuma a lokacinsa aka ce magini Muhammadu Durungu ya yi wa fadar gyara na musamman. Amma bayan mutuwar sarkin sai wanda ya gajeshi mai suna Hammade ya ƙi shiga fadar, ya yi kwanaki yana mulki ya rasu, sarakunan ƙabilar Fulani Bare-bari suka biyo bayansa, suma sai suka yi mulkinsu a Unguwar ƙaura. Abdulsalam ya yi nasa mulkin a gidansa da ke Unguwar Bishar. Malam Abdullahi ya yi mulki a kofar Doka. Mal Abubakar ya yi mulki ba tare da ya shiga gidan ba. Wanda a ka ce ya komowa gidan shi ne Mal Sambo, kuma tun daga kansa har yanzu sarakunan Zazzau na shiga domin yin sarauta.
