Daga MAHDI M. MUHAMMAD
Kaburburan waliyai da ɗimbin littatafan tarihi a Birnin Timbuktu sun ɗaukaka sunan birnin da ke arewacin ƙasar Mali.
Tombouctou ko kuma Timbuktu, birni a na ƙasar Mali da ke cikin wurare masu daɗaɗɗen tarihi na duniya, saboda haka ne ma a shekarar 1988, Cibiyar Al’adu, Ilimi da Kimiya ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UNESCO), ta saka shi a sahun wurare mafi tasiri a duniya.
Daga Timbuktu zuwa Bamako babban birnin ƙasar Mali akwai kimanin kilomita dubu ɗaya.Tairihi ya nuna cewar Abzinawa ne suka kafa wannan gari a cikin ƙarni na 11, yanzu muna ƙarni na 21, kenan Tombouctou ta samu ƙarni 10 da kafuwa. Idan mu ka yi lissafi duk cikin ƙarni akwai shekaru 100, wato a taƙaice yanzu Timbuktu ta samu shekaru dubu kenan da aka kafa ta.
Tombouctou birni ne wanda masu ilimi suka ziyarata da daɗewa, tun farko-farkon shigowar addinin Musulunci a wannan yanki. Saboda haka aka raɗawa garin suna ‘birnin waliyai 333’.Wato a yanzu haka akwai kaburbura na manyan mutane wanda suka ɗaukaka addinin Musulunci a yankin gaba ɗaya, wanda kuma da dama daga cikinsu su ka mutu a Tombouctou.
Daga wannan ƙaburkuwa wanda mutane suka fi karramawa sune ƙabarin Sidi Mahmud wanda ke arewacin garin, sannan sai ƙabarin Sidi Moktar da Kabrin Alpha Moya da kuma na Cheick El Kebir. Mutanen ƙasar Mali da ma na ƙasashen ƙetare suka zuwa takanas ta Kano su kai ziyara a wannnan kaburra, da ma wasu sauran daga cikin birnin Tombouctou, saboda haka ne ƙungiyar Ansar Dine wadda ta mamaye arewacin Mali ta rusa wannan kaburra wanda ta ce babu abin bautawa sai Allah, kuma ziyarce-ziyarcen da mutane ke yi a wannan ƙabbura ya saɓa wa addinin Allah.
Daga jilmar ƙaburburan waliyan 333 da suka mutu a Timbouctou, akwai 16 wanda, aka katange domin ƙara karrama su.
Bayan wannan ƙabbura na waliyai Tombouctou na daga wasu masalaci guda ukku masu dogon tarihi, akwai masalacin Sidi Yahiya wanda sarki Kanken Musa ya gina a shekara 1325, da masalacin Djingareyber wanda aka kamalla ginawa a shekara 1328 sai kuma masalacin Sankore da wata mata ta gina a ƙarni na 15.
An ɓangaren rubuce-rubuce garin Tombouctou ya yi suna a duniya. Tombouctou na da littatai wanda masana suka rubuta tun lokacin da aka kafa garin, wasu kuma tun ma kamin Musulunci, ya bayyana a yankin. KafinTombouctou ta faɗa hannun ƙungiyoyi masu tsatsauran kishin addinin Islama akwai aƙallla littatafai dubu 18 wanda ke ajje a wata cibiyar bincike mai suna Institut de Hautes Etudes et de Recherches Islamiques Ahmed Baba, shi Ahmad Baba ɗin ya na ɗaya daga manyan marubuta na Bamako, wadda gwamnatin Mali ya kafa a shekara 1973, Afrika ta Kudu ta bada babbar gudunmawa wajen sabonta ginin wannan cibiya. Afrika ta Kudu ta zuba tsabar kuɗin CFA miliyan dubu biyu da rabi wajen gina cibiyar, sannan akwai wasu ƙarin dubun-dubatar littafan a cikin gidajen ɗaiɗaikun mutane, wanda suke gada iyaye da kakanni.
Mafi yawan daga wannan littatafai an rubuta su da Larabaci da Filanci ko kuma da Hausa. Su na bayani game da Musulunci, kimiyya, al’adu, zamatankewar ɗan Adam, da dai sauran ɓangarori na ilimi.
Daga cikin wannan tittatafai akwai Tarikh el-Fettah wanda Mahmud Kati ya rubuta, akwai kuma Tarikh es-Sudan wanda Abderrahmani es Saadi ya rubuta a ƙarni na 17.
Duk wannan littatafai sun shahara wajen tarihin Sudan, wato yankin ƙasashen da za a iya dangatawa yanzu kusan Afrika baƙar fata, mussamman yankin Afrika ta Yamma na yanzu.
Akwai turawan mullin mallaka da dama wanda suka ziyarci birnin Tombouctou kuma suka yi mamaki game da tasirin wannan birni, mussamman ta ɓangaren rubuce-rubuce da kuma tsarin shugabanin. Daga cikin wannan Turawa akwai wani mai suna Rene Caille ɗan ƙasar Faransa wanda ya je Tombouctou a shekara 1828, bayan shi sai Heinrich Barth ɗan ƙasar Jamus, wanda ya share watani shida a Tombouctou daga 1853 zuwa 1854.
Wannan Turawa su suka fara yaɗa tasirin Tombouctou a ƙasashen Turai. A lokacin, an samu masu ilimi da dama na Turai da suka nuna shakku ga bayanai da suka ba da game da Tombouctou.
Sai a shekara 1894 da Turawan mulkin mallaka na Faransa suka malleke garin, a lokacin suka tabbatar da sahihancin sannan suka gaskanta bayanan da suka samu daga Turawan farko da suka ziyarci Tombouctou.