Garkuwar jikin ɗan’adam (2)

Daga MUSTAFA IBRAHIM ABDULLAHI

‘Yan uwa masu karatu, assalamu alaikum. Barkanmu da wannan lokaci, barkan mu da sake saduwa a wannan shafi mai ilmantarwa, da ke zayyano muku bayanai game da jikin ɗan adam, domin ku fa’idantu kuma ku ilmantu, ku san yadda jikinku ke aiki.

Satin da ya gabata, mun ɗau garkuwar jikin ɗan adam domin yin bayani akai. Jikin ɗan adam mai ɗauke da ƙwayar halitta ɗai ɗai har tiriliyan ɗari, yana buƙatar dakarun tsaro na musamman masu matuƙar ƙarfi da hikima wajen kare shi daga ta’annatin ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda kan lahanta lafiya, har ma sukanyi kisa a wasu lokutan. 

A rubutun makon jiya, na tsaya a inda nake cewa: akwai shimfiɗa ta tantani a gaɓɓan dake cikin jiki, inda suke bada kariya ko garkuwa a bigiren da Allah ya ajiye su.

Misalin inda ake samu waɗannan shimfiɗu na tantani sun haɗar da: – hanyoyin iska ko numfashi (hanci, maƙogwaro, akwatun murya, bututun iska da rassansa) da kuma hanyar abinci (baki, bututun abinci ko jannai, tumbi, ƙaramin hanji, uwar hanji, har zuwa dubura).

NA BIYU: su ne jami’an tsaro masu kai-kawo. A jikin ɗan adam, halittun da ke gudanar da wannan aiki suna amfani ne da ‘wutar chaji’ ko ince makamashin kuzari da su ke samu daga jiki, shi kuma jiki yake samu daga abinci, da taimakon numfashi domin jiki yaci moriyar amfanin abincin. Bugu da ƙari, su waɗannan jami’ai su na samar da sinadarai na kemikal domin yaƙi da ‘yan kai hari da mayaƙa da ‘yan leƙen asirin jiki’ , kamar dai yadda ba ka rasa jami’an tsaro na zahiri da kayan aiki irinsu kulki, bindiga, ankwa, harsashi da sauransu; to su ma haka jami’an tsaro na jikin ɗan adam su ke da tsari da shiri na fatattakar maƙiya. Kaji ikon Allah!

Bari na ɗan karkatar da hankali na izuwa cibiyar kamfanin dake bawa jikin ɗan adam garkuwa daga cututuka,ta hanyar tace ruwan dake cikin jini tare da cafke ƙwayoyin cutuka da suka yi nasarar shiga jikin ɗan adam. Wannan kamfani ana kiransa da “Lymphatic System” da turanci.

Tsarinsa da zubin aikinsa kamar na jijiyoyin jini yake, ma’ana, shima wannan kamfani, haɗaka ne na jijiyoyi masu ɗauke da wani ruwa mai garai garai wanda kemikals ɗin da ke cikinsa, irinsu ne a jini.

Wannan sashe zan iya cewa yana aiki ne irin na kwalbati, wato karɓar ruwan jiki da ke tsakankanin ƙwayoyin halittun jiki, da zagayawa da wannan ruwa ta cikin jijiyoyi na musamman waɗanda suka tiƙe a jijiyoyi masu mayar da jini izuwa zuciya. Wato ruwan jikin da aka ɗauko, ana zuba shi ne a cikin jini.

Kafin nayi nisa a cikin bayani game da wannan kamfani na “Lymphatic System”, bari na kawo wani bayani mai ƙayatarwa.

*Wannan kamfani yana mayar da ruwan jikin dake tsakankanin ƙwayoyin halittu izuwa cikin jini. Yawan ruwan da yake mayarwa ya kai Lita uku a kowacce rana, kimanin yawan ruwan ledar “pure water” guda shida.

A kowanne lokaci, jini a cikin kewaya jiki ya ke ta hanyoyinsa da ake kira. Idan zaku iya tunawa, ƙwayoyin halittar jiki a kewaye suke da ruwan jiki, a cikinsa suke wanka. Wato kamar dai a ce ma an zuba aya a cikin kofi, an kawo ruwa an zuba, haka suma ƙwayoyin halittar jikin mutum suke acikin ruwan jiki.

Zuciya tana daddagewa ta angizo jini cikin jijiyoyi manya da matsakaita, daga nan kuma sai jinin ya shiga izuwa ƙanan hanyoyin jini, daga nan har zuwa ‘yan ƙanana da ake kira “capillaries”. Su capillaries su ne ke haɗa dangantaka tsakanin hanyoyin jini waɗanda suka baro zuciya, da kuma waɗanda ke komawa zuciya. Zan baku misali yadda zaku fahimci hakan: ɗauki hannunka na dama a matsayin jijiyoyin jinin da suka baro zuciyarka. Yanzu shigar da yatsun hannunka na dama cikin alawus na yatsun hannunka na hagu, kalli tafukan hannun naka. Wannan shi ne misalin yadda “capillaries” ke haɗa hanyoyin jinin “arteries” da kuma”veins”. Hannunka na hagu, shi ne a matsayin hanyoyin jini masu komawa izuwa zuciya wato “veins”.

A lokacin da jini yake wucewa ta “capillaries”, ruwan jini wanda ake kira da “plasma”, yana kurɗawa ya bar jini ya ratsa izuwa tsakankanin ƙwayoyin halittar jiki. To anan ne ‘kamfanin’ “Lymphatic system” ya shigo cikin wannan batu, domin kuwa shi yake zuƙe wannan ruwa tare da mayar dashi cikin jini. Za muga ƙarin bayani nan gaba kaɗan.

Kamar yadda kuka gani, wannan rukuni na jiki mai kula da garkuwa, yana da tsarin kare jiki ta hanyoyi na zahiri kamar su fata, fararen ƙwayoyin jini, waɗanda duk na yi bayaninsu a rubutun da ya shuɗe.

Bayan waɗancan hanyoyi, sahihiyar hanyar da sashen garkuwar jiki ke bi wajen yaƙi da cututtuka na da ban mamaki. Awkai kemikals da ake samarwa domin su rumurmusa cututtuka, ko kuma a tura dakarun fararen jini, da halittun makrofej su dinga haɗiye ƙwayoyin tare da narkar da su.

Wani abin birgewa da garkuwar jikin ɗan adam, shi ne rashin mantuwa! Wato riƙe bayani, siffa, da yanayin duk wata cuta da ta taɓa shiga jikin ɗan adam. Yin hakan zai sa garkuwar jiki ta adana bayanan wannan cuta a cikin kundin adana bayanan jiki, tare da kuma ƙirƙirar ‘makashi’ wanda a duk sanda irin wannan cuta ta sake kuskuren shiga jikin ɗan adam, to ta gama yawo.
Kamfanin garkuwar jikin ɗan adam yana da halittu da gaɓɓai da suke aiki tare wajen tabbatar da kariya a jiki. Amma kafin nan, yana da kyau musan yadda Sarkin halitta ya tsara wannan kamfani.

Idan mu ka ɗauki kamfanin da ke kula da jini da zagayawarsa a jiki, za mu ga cewa akwai zuciya, akwai jijiyoyin arteries masu ɗaukar jini daga zuciya izuwa sassan jiki. Su waɗannan hanyoyin jini akwai manya,matsakaita da ƙanana; akwai kuma ‘yan ƙananan jijiyoyin jini da ake kira “capillaries”. Su kuma “capillaries” sune suke haɗewa da ƙanana, matsakaita, da manyan jijiyon jini masu mayar da jini izuwa zuciya waɗanda ake kiransu da “veins”.

To shima kamfanin garkuwar jiki kusan haka yake; sai dai shi babu zuciya wadda zata harba wannan ruwa mai garai-garai izuwa inda ake buqata. Akwai jijiyoyinsa ana kiransu “Lymph vessels”, akwai kuma shi kansa ruwan ana kiransa “lymph”, da kuma wasu halittu masu kama da gujiya da ake kira “lymph nodes”.

Da hausa, waɗannan halittu masu kama da gujiya su muke kira da kaluluwa. A jikin ɗan adam, ana samun kaluluwa a gurare kamar wuya, hammata, kirji (kusa da mama), matsematsi (tsakanin cinyoyi). Ana kuma samun kaluluwa kewaye dakayan ciki: misali ‘ya ‘yan hanji).

Ga bayanin yadda waɗannan sassa guda uku suke haɗuwa: a gurare daban daban, akwai kaluluwa a dunƙule: kamar guda uku ko sama da haka. Jijiyoyin “lymphatic vessels” kamar uku ko sama da haka suna ratsawa ta cikin kaluluwa, daga nan kuma guda ɗaya ko biyu suna fita daga cikinta.

‘Yan uwa, ku tara a mako mai zuwa da Yardar Sarkin halitta, domin ci gaba da bayani akan jikin ɗan adam.