Haƙiƙa Nijeriya da mafi yawan ƙasashen kudu da hamadar Sahara har yanzu ba su yi nasara a yaƙin da ake yi da zazzaɓin cizon sauro ba, cutar da ake ganin kamar annoba ce a mafi yawan yankunan. A cewar Cibiyar Kula da Zazzaɓin Ciwon Sauro (SMO), kashi 76 cikin 100 na al’ummar Nijeriya suna zaune ne a wuraren da sauro suka yi yawa, sannan kashi 24 na zama a yankunan da kamuwa da cutar ke da ɗan sauƙi.
A farkon makon nan ne aka gudanar da Bikin Ranar Zazzaɓin Cizon Sauro ta Duniya mai taken, ‘Sabbin hanyoyin da za a rage yaɗuwar cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro da kuma ceton rayuka.’ Kuma kamar yadda cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro ta zama ruwan dare a Nijeriya, a halin yanzu ana shirin ɗaukar allurar rigakafin da aka ɓullo da shi domin yaƙi da cutar da kawar da ita gaba ɗaya.
Allurar rigakafi, inji masana, za ta kawo sauƙi sosai. Mafi muhimmanci, a ra’ayin wannan jarida, za ta kawar da masu cin gajiyar cutar ta hanyar sayar da magunguna na wucin gadi.
Nijeriya ce ke da kashi 31 cikin 100 na mace-macen zazzaɓin cizon sauro a duniya da kuma kashi 27 cikin 100 na adadin waɗanda suka kamu da cutar a duniya, inji rahoton zazzaɓin cizon sauro na shekarar 2024.
ƙasar ta kuma kai kusan kashi 40 na mace-macen zazzaɓin cizon sauro a faɗin duniya a tsakanin yara ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru biyar.
Kimanin mutane miliyan 55 ne ke kamuwa da cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro da kuma mutuwar mutane 90,000 masu alaƙa da zazzaɓin cizon sauro a ƙasar a duk shekara, yayin da aka kiyasta nauyin tattalin arzikin ƙasar da ya kai dala biliyan 1.6 (biliyan N687) a shekarar 2022 kuma zai iya ƙaruwa zuwa kusan dala biliyan 2.8 (N2 tiriliyan) a shekarar 2030.
Zazzaɓin cizon sauro cuta ce da ke yin barazana ga rayuwa ta hanyar kwayoyin cuta da ke yaɗuwa ga mutane ta hanyar cizon macen sauro mai sanya cuta.
Da yake jawabi a wajen taron da ma’aikatar tare da haɗin gwiwar gidauniyar Gates da sauran abokan hulɗa suka shirya domin tunawa da ranar zazzaɓin cizon sauro ta duniya a Abuja, ƙaramin ministan lafiya, Dakta Adekunle Salako, ya ce Nijeriya, zazzaɓin cizon sauro ya ci gaba da zama babbar matsalar kiwon lafiyar al’umma, inda yara ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru biyar da kuma mata masu juna biyu suka fi fuskantar haɗari.
Salako ya bayyana cewa cutar ba kawai tana haifar da wahala da mutuwa ba har ma tana kawo cikas ga yanayin tattalin arziki ta hanyar hana samar da kayayyaki da kuma ƙara farashin kiwon lafiya.
Bisa ƙididdigar da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta fitar, a shekarar 2020, an yi kiyasin cewa, an samu sabbin mutane miliyan 241 da suka kamu da cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro da kuma mutuwar mutane 627,000 masu alaƙa da zazzaɓin cizon sauro a ƙasashe 85. Fiye da kashi biyu bisa uku na mace-macen na cikin yara ’yan ƙasa da shekaru biyar da ke zaune a yankin Afirka.
ƙungiyar ta duniya, a watan Oktoban 2021, ta gabatar da amfani da maganin zazzaɓin cizon sauro na RTS,S ga yaran da ke zaune a wuraren da ke da matsakaita da yaɗuwar zazzaɓin cizon sauro. Hakan ya faru ne sakamakon da aka samu daga shirin gwajin da ta shirya a ƙasashen Ghana, Kenya da Malawi. Sama da yara 900 000 ne suka yi amfani da wannan rigakafin tun daga 2019.
Sakamako daga shirin gwajin na nuna cewa, maganin mai inganci ne kuma yana rage tsananin zazzaɓin cizon sauro. An ba da rahoton RTS,S a matsayin rigakafin farko da aka ba da shawarar amfani da ita ga ɗan Adam. Yankin Afirka na WHO, wanda ke da kimanin mutane miliyan 215 a cikin 2019, ya kai kusan kashi 94 cikin 100.
Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro na yaɗuwa ne ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cutar da ake kira ‘Plasmodium’, waɗanda ke yaɗuwa ga mutane ta hanyar cizon macen sauro. Abin da akasarin mutane ba su sani ba shi ne, akwai nau’in sauro guda biyar da ke kawo cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro ga ɗan Adam. Duk da haka, ba duka ne barazana ga ɗanadam ba sai biyu daga cikin waɗanda sune: P. falciparum da P. ɓiɓaɗ, waɗanda ke da matuƙar haɗari. Suna da matuƙar haɗari ta yadda a cewar rahoton na WHO, idan ba a yi maganin P. falciparum cikin sa’o’i 24 ba, zazzaɓin na iya cigaba da yin tasiri da jikin ɗan Adam na har abada, wanda yakan kai ga mutuwa.
Alamomin zazzaɓin cizon sauro na bayyana kwanaki 10 zuwa 15 bayan cizon ɗaya. Waɗannan alamun sun haɗa da gumi, zazzaɓi, sanyi, ciwon kai, kasala, rawar jiki, tashin zuciya ko amai. Akwai rahotanni cewa a cikin 2018, P. falciparum ya lissafta kashi 99.7 bisa 100 na masu fama da cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro a yankin Afirka, kashi 50 cikin 100 na masu cutar a yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, kashi 71 cikin 100 na masu kamuwa da cutar a Gabashin Bahar Rum da kuma Kashi 65 cikin 100 a yammacin yankin Pacific.
A wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin yaƙi da wannan cuta, gwamnatin tarayya ta samu lamuni daga bankuna guda uku kamar: Bankin Duniya, Bankin Raya Afirka, da Bankin Raya Musulunci. Wurin da ya kai dalar Amurka miliyan 364, an yi shi ne don samar da tallafin ayyukan kiwon lafiya a cikin jihohi 13 na ƙasar na tsawon shekaru biyar, daga 2020 zuwa 2024.
A ra’ayinmu, don magance matsalar zazzaɓin cizon sauro, ƙasar nan ta mayar da hankali wajen wayar da kan jama’a kan muhimmancin tsaftar muhalli. Hakanan amfani da gidajen sauro da aka yi wa maganin kwari yana da muhimmanci da kuma sauran feshin cikin gida da sauransu. Ya kamata mutane su kuma lura da jabun magungunan zazzaɓin cizon sauro, raga da feshi.
Har ila yau, akwai buƙatar ƙasar nan ta shiga cikin shirin rigakafin cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro da kuma ƙoaarin samun waɗannan alluran cikin gaggawa. Ya dace a nanata, a namu ra’ayin cewa, la’akari da tsanani da illar da cutar ke yi wa al’umma, kamata ya yi gwamnatin tarayya ta yi duk mai yiwuwa wajen samar da waɗannan alluran rigakafin zazzaɓin cizon sauro da za su taimaka wajen kawar da cutar. Dole ne a fahimci cewa dole ne a ɗauki wannan a matsayin wani lamari na gaggawa na ƙasa.
An shawo kan mu cewa ya kamata ƙasar nan ta duba fiye da hanyoyin rigakafin ɗaiɗaikun mutane, maimakon haka ta mai da hankali kan mafi girma da ɗorewa mafita don magance matsalar. Ya kamata kuma gwamnatin tarayya ta sanya ranar da aka sa gaba domin cimma wannan buri.
Ya kamata a nuna cewa akwai ƙasashe a Afirka da suka samu shekaru a jere ba tare da kamuwa da cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro ba kuma suna iya neman takardar shedar ta WHO game da zazzaɓin cizon sauro – matsayin kyauta.
Muna kira ga gwamnati da ta yi ƙoƙari don shiga cikin jerin ƙasashen da ba su da cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro. Duk abin da ake buƙata, a ra’ayinmu, shi ne sadaukar da kai don cimma manufofin da aka tsara.
