Daga MAHDI MUSA MUHAMMAD
Katsina, babbar masarauta ce, kuma mai daɗaɗɗen tarihi. Tana ɗaya daga cikin asalin garuruwan ƙasar Hausa. Kafin zamowarta wannan babban birni da a yau ya zama helikwatar Jihar Katsina sannan kuma fadar masarautar Katsina, ta taɓa zama a wani gari da yake da tazarar kimanin kilomita 32 daga Katsinan yau. Sunan wannan gari shi ne ‘Durɓi ta Kusheyi’. Wannan gari shi ne asalin fadar mulkin daular Katsina.
Wannan masarauta cike take da ababen tarihi, a cikin wancan garin na Durɓi, akwai wannan kuka tana nan, akwai wani Dutse da su mutanen Durɓi suka taba bautawa, sannan akwai wata Hasumiya da ta haura shekaru ɗari shida mai suna Gobarau a garin na Katsina. Kuma dai wannan gari shi ne matsugunnin tsohuwar makarantar da ta yaye firimiyan Nijeriya da kuma na Arewa ta farko. Wannan rubutu da ake karantawa zai bamu ƙarin haske game da wannan gari na Katsina.
Asalin kafuwar garin Katsina:
Babu wata tsayayyiyar magana dangane da shekara, ko kuma haƙiƙanin mutumin da ya kafa wannan tsohon birni, mai tsohon tarihi na Katsina. Amma akwai hujjoji birjik (Ingawa, 2006; Lugga, 2004; Mamman, 2015), da ke tabbatar da tasowar fadar masarautar ta Katsina daga wani tsohon ƙauye mai suna Durɓi ta Kusheyi.
Katsina kamar sauran manyan masarautun ƙasar Hausa, gidan sarautarta yana da dangantaka da gidan Bayajidda.
Farko wannan fada ta Katsina ta faro ne daga garin Durɓi ta Kusheyi, wanda a nan sarkin Katsina na farko, sarki Kumayau jikan Bayajidda ya zauna da shi da jama’arsa. Bayan ya yi mulkinsa ya gama kuma sai sarki Runba-Runba, daga shi kuma sai sarki Bataretare, sannan sai sarki Yankatsari, sai kuma sarki Jibda Yaƙi (sanau), sai Kuma sarki Muhammadu Korau wanda shi ne ya fara bunƙasa garin na Katsina.
Kamar yadda na faɗa da farko, babu wata kafa da ta bayyana a wacce shekara ce ko kuma wanene asalin mutumin da ya kafa wannan gari. Amma abin da muka tabbatar a binciken da muka gudanar shi ne cewa, ya kamata ya zama akwai mutane kamar yadda aka saba a al’adance da suke raye a wannan yanki a ƙauyuka tun kafin zuwan sarkin da ya baro Durɓi ya dawo Katsina.
Asalin sunan Katsina:
Wannan suna na Katsina akwai mashahuran ra’ayuyyuka maban-banta dangane da shi. Na farko, a bisa ruyawar kunne ya girmi kaka, an samu cewa, a ɗaya daga cikin sarakunan garin ‘Durɓi ta Kusheyi’, akwai wanda yake da mata mai suna ‘Katsi’, a lokacin da aka yi wannan ƙaura daga Durɓi aka dawo zuwa wannan gari da ake kira Katsina ta yau, sai ya biyo mutane yana tambayar cewa, ‘Katsi na nan? Katsi na nan?’, saboda haka sai aka rage yawan sunnan ya koma Katsina.
Amma a ra’ayin Ingawa (2006), ya kawo cewa wannan suna na Katsina ya samo asali ne daga sunan wani daga cikin ‘ya’yan sarautar Durɓi. Bayan tasowar sarki Korau da jama’arsa, sai aka yiwa wannan gari da wannan suna na Katsina. Ya kuma kafa hujjarsa da cewa kasantuwar akwai waccar kuka mai suna ‘Katsi’ da take a garin ‘Durɓi ta Kusheyi’ itama tana iya zamowa cewa shi wannan mutum mai suna ‘Katsi’ shi ya shuka ta.
Sannan kuma a akwai wata ruyawa ita ma ta ‘Kunne ya girmi kaka’ da ke cewa asalin wannan suna ya samo ne daga sunan wani bawan shi sarki Korau da yake tura shi yana wakiltarsa a wajen ginin ganuwar garin Katsina.
Gidan Korau:
Gidan korau shi ne fadar masarautar Katsina. Wannan gida na Korau an ce zamanin sarki Muhammadu Korau a shekarar 1348 aka gina shi. Wannan gida yana nan a tsakiyar tsohon birnin Katsina.
Hasumiyar Gobarau:
Wannan hasumiya mai tsohon tarihi an gina ta a shekarar 1348, a zamanin sarkin Katsina Muhammadu Korau (Kangiwa, 2014). Ita wannan hasumiya wani ɓangare ce ta babban masallacin Juma’a da ke cikin tsohon birnin Katsina. Wannan masallaci ya taɓa zama babbar jami’ar da ta ke a matsayin reshen jami’ar Sankore da ke Timbuktu ta ƙasar Mali. Ko siffar wannan hasumiya na tabbatar da haka. Bayan wannan kuma wannan masallaci shi ne masallacin farko da aka fara yi a garin na Katsina.
Ita wannan hasumiya a wancan lokaci ita ce gini mafi tsawo a garin na Katsina, saboda haka takan zama wata kafa ta leƙen asirin tsaro. Abin nufi shi ne cewa ana hawa kanta a hango nesa, musamman yankin Gobir, don hango abokan gaba daga nesa idan sun yi nufi kawowa Katsina hari, wannan kuma takan bawa ita Katsina cikakkiyar damar shirya faɗa da waɗannan abokan gaba.
Wannan gini da ake gani ba wai shi ne asalin ginin na farko ba, a’a, akwai wani lokaci a baya da gini ya ruguje, a saboda haka a zamanin wani sarki daga cikin sarakunan Katsina sai aka tattara magina na gargarjiya suka sake gina ta da zallar kwaɓaɓɓiyar ƙasa da sauran sinadaran gini na asali.
Kokawar Sanau da Muhammadu Korau:
Akwai ruwayoyi guda biyu dangane da wannan kokawa ta Sarki Sanau da kuma Sarki Korau. Ta farkon wacce muka samu daga gidan mai garin Durɓi ta Kusheyi ta hanya isar da saƙon nan ta Kunne ya Girmi kaka, ta labarta mana cewa shi Korau lokacin da ya zo garin Katsina yana zaune sai ya riƙa yiwa matar sarki Sanau alheri, wato yana kyautata mata har sai da ya samu karɓuwa a wajenta ya kai matakin da duk abin da ya nema idan tana da shi za ta iya bashi. Daga ƙarshe sai ya roƙe ta sanin sirrin ƙarfin kokawar sarki Sanau, sai ta sanar da shi cewa yana amfani da wata laya. Bayan wani ɗan lokaci sai ya sake roƙar ta cewa ta bashi wannan laya ta sarki Sanau yana da wata kokawa. Ta ɗan jinjina kafin ta bashi, amma dai daga ƙarshe ta bashi. Da ya karɓi wannan laya sai ya kuma nemi Sarki Sanau da ya zo su buga kokawa, sarki sanau ya yi shela a gari ya kuma saka ranar kokawa, da rana ta zo Sanau ya waiwaici layarsa ya nema ya rasa, ya tambayi matarsa ta ce masa bata san ina ya ajiye ba. Da aka buga kokawa sai Korau ya buga Sanau da ƙasa. Wannan kaye shi ya kawo ƙarshen sarautar Sanau kuma farkon Sarautar Katsina.
