Yadda falsafar Ibn Rushud ta canja duniya

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Wato ba a yi wani masani a cikin magabata wanda Allah ya albarkaci Musulunci da shi ba irin Ibn Rushud. Amma kash, akasarin Musulmi ba su ma san shi ba. Ibn Rushud ya yi shura a fanonin Ilimi irinsu philosophy, theology, medicine, astronomy, physics, psychology, mathematics, neurology, Islamic jurisprudence, law da linguistics. Kuma ya rubuta littafai sama da ɗari a waɗannan fannoni, wato guda 28 a falsafa, 20 a likitanci, 8 a fannin Shari’a, 5 a addinin Musulunci da guda 4 kan yaren Larabci.

Cikin jerin abubuwa waɗanda shi ne ya fara gano su a likitance akwai: gano yadda cutar shanyewar jiki (stroke) ke faruwa, shi ya fara gano Parkinson’s disease, da amfanin Retina a kwayar Ido cewa ita ke dauko haske ba lens ba. Littafinsa “Al Kulliyat fi Al Tibb” (Colliget) shine littafin da masu koyon likitanci ke karantawa tsawon daruruwan shekaru a Turai.

Tasirin Ibn Rushud ya fi watsuwa a fannin falsafa inda ya rubuta littafai 28, biyu sun fi shura, wato “Tahafut at-Tahafut” inda ya yi wa Imam Ghazali raddi na littafinsa “Tahafut Al falasifa”. Sannan da “Kitab Fasl Al Maƙal” (wanda na fassara shi da Hausa) inda ya yi bayanin wajabcin Ilimin falsafa ga Malamai Musulmi tare da kafa hujjoji daga ƙurani da hadisi. Nazariyyar sa a fannin falsafa, wadda aka yi wa lakabin da “Aɓerroism” ta fantsama Turai inda masana da dama kiristoci su ka rungume ta hannu bibiyu, yadda ta razana fadar Paparoma har a shekarar 1270 ta haramta karanta duk rubuce-rubucensa. Sai dai hakan bai rage tasirin sa ba yadda masana falsafa biyu mafi shura a addinin Yahudu da Nasara, wato Maimonides da St Thomas Aƙuinas, su ka tasirantu da koyarwarsa fiye da kowa. A taƙaice, mu na iya cewa shine ya zama ginshikin falsafar yammacin Turai (Western Philosophy) sama da kowane masani.

A ɓangaren Astronomy, Ibn Rushud ne ya fara gano ɗigo-ɗigo a kan rana (Sun spot). Shi ne ya fara cewa duniyoyi da ke cikin rukunin Ranarmu (Solar system) akwai waɗanda za a iya gani da kwayar Ido, akwai waɗanda ba za’a iya gani ba sai da na’ura (tun kafin ma a kirkiro na’urorin) sannan da waɗanda ko da na’ura ba za’a iya ganinsu ba sai dai a yi hasshen su ta hankali (wato kamar Black holes da ba a iya ganinsu saboda ko haske baya iya fita daga cikinsu, ko Planet ɗ da muke ta lalube a yanzu).

Cikin mafi tasiri a ayyukan Ibn Rushud shi ne tabbatar da cewa Duniya dunkulalliya ce. Koda yake, masanin sararin samaniya Aristarchus ɗan ƙasar Girka, ya fara hasashen yiwuwar Duniya a dunƙule take tun shekaru 300 kafin Annabi Isa, amma bai iya tabbatarwa ba saboda kuma duniya ta wancan lokaci ta raja’a a kan duniya ce tsakiyar halittu (Geocentric) kuma mutum ne kololuwar halittu (Anthropocentric) sakamakon nazariyyar Ptolemy wadda Kiristanci ya amsa.

Al Mamun, ya sa an auna faɗin duniya ta hanyar auna degree guda a doron duniya a garin Kufah a ƙarni na 9. Ibn Rushud, a shekarar 1153 ya tafi Marrakesh da ke Morocco domin ya na son hangen tauraruwar Canopus (Suhayl) wadda sakamakon doron duniya ba za’a iya hangenta ba daga Andalus, a ƙoƙarinsa na tabbatarwa da duniya cewa duniya dunƙulalliya ce, dalilin da ya sa a wasu lattitude (layin doron duniya) akwai iya jerin taurarin da ake iya hange.

Sakamakon karanta rubuce-rubucen Ibn Rushud, Mashahurin Mai safara a jirgin ruwan nan (ɓoyager) wato Christopher Columbus, wanda ake lakawa gano Nahiyar Amurka, ya fara tunanin cewa Idan ya bi tekun Atalantika ya yi yamma, zai iya zagayowa zuwa Asiya saboda ya yi Imanin cewa Duniya dunƙulalliya ce. Hujjoji da suka yi ta taruwa na zahiri sun hadar da yadda a lokacin husufi ake ganin shatin duniya zagayayye, sannan idan jirgi ya doso tudu, ake fara hango tuta kafin ragowar jikin jirgin, haka ma yayin da ya ke ɓacewa daga tudu.

Sakamakon addinin Kiristanci ƙarƙashin fadar Paparoma na yaƙi da wannan sabon Ilimi na Ibn Rushud da ke watsuwa a Turai, an kira taro a Salamanca inda aka haramta rubuce rubucen sa tare da jawo ayoyi cikin Zabura, Attaura da Linjila da kuma fatawoyin manyan shaihunnan kiristoci irinsu St Augustine, St Jerome da St Gregory. Wannan ya janyo Columbus ya kasa samun waɗanda zasu ɗauki nauyin mafarkinsa na tafiya Asiya ta hanyar bin yamma maimakon gabas. Da kyar ya samu Isabella ta amince da ɗaukar nauyi saboda ta na son samo hanyoyin samun kuɗaɗe da mamayar wasu yankuna na Duniya.

A ranar 11 ga Augusta, 1492 Christopher Columbus ya fantsama tekuna Atalantika da jirage uku. Bayan wata guda na tafiya sai ya lura da allurar compass ta na karkata yamma da saitin kudu. Haka tayi ta karkatawa har ya Isa Amurka. Amma a lokacin dawowa sai ya gano kuma akwai saitin layin da yana zuwa sai allurar ta dawo da karkacewa tana dosar gabas. Wannan ne ya sa Columbus ya gano cewa akwai wani shinge kenan da ya raba sashen duniya na yamma (western hemisphere) da sashen Duniya na gabas (Eastern hemisphere), wannan layin shi ne na meridian wanda ya ratsa ƙasar England ake amfani da agogon GMT.

Buɗe tekunan Duniya ya bude Ilimin ɗan adam ta kowacce fanni kuma sakamakon tabbatar da duniya dunkulalliya ce ya daɗa faɗaɗa mahangar Ilimin sararin samaniya wadda ta kawo ci gaban kera jirgin sama da kuma kumbo wanda ake harbawa sama’u….duk godiya ne ga Ilimi, nazari da binciken gwarzon masani Ibn Rushud. Allah ya rahama masa.

By ukarofi