Daga MAHD MUSA MUHAMMAD
Nnamdi Azikiwe ko kuma Dokta Nnamdi Azikiwe ɗan kishin ƙasa ne kuma ɗan jihar Nijeriya wanda ya riƙe muƙamin Firimiyan yankin Gabashin Nijeriya daga 1954 zuwa 1959. Bayan Nijeriya ta samu ’yancin kai, ya rike muƙamin Gwamna Janar daga 1960 zuwa 1963, sannan ya zama shugaban ƙasa daga 1963 zuwa 1966.
A siyasance, Nnamdi Azikiwe tun farko ɗan jam’iyyar NNDP ne, sannan ya kafa majalisar wakilan Nijeriya da Kamaru daga 1944 zuwa 1966. Daga ƙarshe ya zama shugaban jam’iyyar NPP kuma ya kafa jam’iyyar NPP daga 1979 zuwa 1983 a lokacin Jamhuriyya ta Biyu. Ya kuma tsaya takara a matsayin ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na jam’iyyar NPP a lokacin zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 1979.
A matsayinsa na ɗan siyasa kuma jagora, Nnamdi Azikiwe ya samu karɓuwa a Nijeriya a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙasar da suka yi fafutukar kwato ‘yancin kai. An yi amfani da sunansa da hotonsa a abubuwa da yawa a matsayin alamar ƙasa da girmamawa gare shi.
Farkon rayuwar Nnamdi Azikwe:
An haifi Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe a garin Zungeru da ke Jihar Neja a Nijeriya a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, 1904. Mahaifinsa Chukuemeka Azikiwe da mahaifiyarsa Rachel Azikiwe dukkansu ’yan ƙabilar Igbo ne ‘yan ƙabilar Onitsha a yankin Gabashin Nijeriya. Ya halarci Makarantar Mishan ta Church a Onitsha. Daga nan ya halarci Cibiyar Horon da Hope Weddell da ke Kalaba da Makarantar Sakandare ta Methodist Boys da ke Legas.
Nnamdi Azikiwe yana da shekaru 17 a duniya ya samu aiki a Legas inda ya yi aikin clark a asusun ajiyar mulkin mallaka na Nijeriya. A 1925, ya bar aikin ya tafi Amurka don ci gaba da karatunsa.
A ƙasar Amurka, Nnamdi Azikiwe ya halarci Kwalejin Storer da ke West Virginia da Jami’ar Howard da ke Washington DC kafin ya shiga Jami’ar Lincoln da ke Pennsylvania inda ya samu digiri na farko a shekarar 1927 da kuma digiri na biyu a shekarar 1930. Ya sake shiga kuma ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin Anthropology da kimiyyar siyasa a 1933. Bayan kammalawarsa, Azikiwe ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin malamin Tarihi da Kimiyyar Siyasa a Jami’ar Lincoln.
A shekarar 1934 Nnamdi Azikwe ya bar ƙasar Amurka ya dawo gida Nujeriya. A wannan shekarar ne aka ɗauke shi aiki a matsayin editan sabuwar jaridar African Daily Post da aka kafa a birnin Accra na ƙasar Ghana. Bayan da ya zama babban editan, Azikiwe ya yi amfani da damar wajen inganta kishin Afirka da Pan-Africanism. Saboda haka, ya sami karramawa a matsayin Pan-Africanist kuma mai kishin ƙasa wanda ya yi jarumtaka wajen adawa da mulkin mallaka a Afirka. A 1937, Azikiwe ya bar Accra ya koma Nijeriya.
Nan take, bayan ya dawo Nijeriya, Nnamdi Azikiwe ya kafa wata sabuwar jarida a Legas, a shekarar 1937 wadda ya sanyawa sunan Pilot na yammacin Afirka. Ya yi amfani da jaridar a matsayin kafar yaɗa labarai inda ya yi magana a madadin ‘yan Nijeriya game da koke-kokensu. Ya kuma yi amfani da jaridar Pilot Africa wajen inganta kishin kasa a Nijeriya. Saboda kokarinsa, Pilot Africa a hankali ta zama babbar jarida a Nijeriya, don haka ya sami rassa a manyan garuruwa kamar Fatakwal, Onitsha, Kano, da sauransu.
Siyasa:
Nnamdi Azikiwe ya shiga harkokin siyasa ne a matsayin ɗan ƙungiyar matasan Nijeriya (NYM) tun lokacin da yake aikin jarida. A shekarar 1944, ya taimaka wajen kafa sabuwar jam’iyyar siyasa mai suna National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC), wadda ya zama babban sakatarenta. A 1946, lokacin da shugaban NCNC Herbert Macaulay ya rasu, Azikiwe ya gaje shi.
Bayan Nnamdi Azikiwe ya zama shugaban NCNC, ya fito a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan ‘yan siyasa da suka yi amfani da matsayinsa wajen gwagwarmayar kishin ƙasa Nijeriya. Ya sami suna a matsayin mai gwagwarmayar ’yanci kuma ana kiransa da ‘Zik‘ a bainar jama’a. Sannu a hankali gwagwarmayar sa ta zama wani yunƙuri na jama’a da ake kira ‘ Zikist Movement ‘ inda ya janyo hankalin mabiyan da suke adawa da mulkin mallaka ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba.
ɗan Majalisa:
A watan Disamba 1948, Nnamdi Azikiwe ya zama mamba a majalisar dokokin Nijeriya. A Majalisar, ya zama daya daga cikin manyan ‘yan majalisarsa. Ya sami suna a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu tayar da hankali da suka yi adawa da Tsarin Mulki na Richards na 1946 kuma ya buƙaci a gyara ko rushe shi. ƙoƙarin ya zama mai fa’ida, lokacin da a cikin 1951 aka ba da sabon kundin tsarin mulkin MacPherson a 1951.
A cikin watan Disamba na 1951, an gudanar da zaɓe, Nnamdi Azikiwe ya yi nasara a majalisar yankin Yarbawa da ke mamaye yankin Yamma. Sai dai kuma saboda rashin jituwar siyasa ya sa ya bar kujerar a shekarar 1952 ya koma yankin Gabas wanda shi ne yankin sa na Ibo. Bayan ya koma yankin Gabas, an zaɓe shi ɗan majalisar yankin.
Mulki 1954-1959:
Yayin da Nnamdi Azikiwe ke zama ɗan majalisa, sabon kundin tsarin mulki mai suna Lyttleton constitution ya fara aiki. A cikin tanade-tanaden Kundin Tsarin Mulki, an samar da ofishin Firimiya a matsayin shugaban zartarwa a kowane yanki na 3 na Nujeriya. An yi sa’a, an naɗa Azikiwe a matsayin Firimiyan yankin Gabas a shekarar 1954.
Bayan da Nnamdi Azikiwe ya riƙe muƙamin Firimiyan yankin Gabas, ya sadaukar da kansa wajen gina yankin. Da sabon mukamin, ya kuma zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan jagororin siyasar Nijeriya da suka dauki nauyin fafutukar kwato ‘yancin Nijeriya. Ya halarci gangamin wayar da kan jama’a da dama kuma ya halarci tarukan tsarin mulki da dama a Nijeriya da Landan a shirye-shiryen baiwa Nijeriya ‘yancin kai.
Yancin Nijeriya Da Shugabancin ƙasar
A jajibirin samun ’yancin kan Nijeriya Nnamdi Azikiwe ya jagoranci jam’iyyarsa ta NCNC hadaka da jam’iyyar Peoples Congress ta Arewa a shirye-shiryen kafa gwamnatin wucin gadi da za ta karɓi mulki daga hannun Birtaniya. Gamayyar NPC da NCNC ta samu nasarar kafa gwamnatin wucin gadi, inda Azikiwe ya zama shugaban majalisar dattawa.
Bayan Nijeriya ta samu ’yancin kai a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960, haɗaɗɗiyar ƙungiyar ta raba jagoranci. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa na NPC ya zama Firayim Minista kuma shugaban gwamnati, yayin da Nnamdi Azikiwe ya zama Gwamna-Janar kuma shugaba daga baya, lokacin da Nijeriya ta zama jamhuriya, aka naɗa Azikiwe a matsayin shugaban ƙasa kuma shugaban ƙasa.
Abin takaici, ba a daɗe ba, bambancin ƙabilanci da addini ya sanya siyasar Nujeriya cikin ruɗani. A ranar 15 ga Janairu, 1966, wasu matasan sojojin ƙabilar Ibo sun yi juyin mulkin da ya kai ga rugujewar Jamhuriyyar Nijeriya ta farko da kuma haramta ayyukan siyasa. A lokacin juyin mulkin, manyan jagororin siyasa da dama sun rasa rayukansu, amma an ceto ran Azikiwe. Bayan juyin mulkin, Azikiwe ya zauna a gidansa da ke Enugu kuma ya mayar da hankali kan rayuwarsa.
Jamhuriyya ta Biyu:
Bayan shekaru 12, gwamnatin mulkin sojan Nijeriya ta dage haramcin siyasa a watan Satumba na shekarar 1978. Don haka Nnamdi Azikiwe ya shirya kuma ya yi amfani da wannan dama wajen kafa sabuwar jam’iyya mai suna ‘Nigerian People’s Party’ (NPP).
A lokacin dawowar siyasa Nnamdi Azikiwe ya tsaya takarar shugaban ƙasa a jam’iyyar NPP a zabukan 1979 da 1983, amma ya sha kaye.
A watan Disambar 1983 ne sojojin Nijeriya suka yi juyin mulkin da ya kifar da jamhuriya ta biyu. An haramta ayyukan siyasa don haka Nnamdi Azikiwe ya bar siyasa kai tsaye.
Mutuwa:
Bayan Nnamdi Azikiwe ya bar siyasa, ya shiga cikin rayuwarsa a gidansa na Enugu da ke Nsukka. Bayan kimanin shekaru 13, Azikiwe ya rasu a ranar 11 ga Mayu, 1996, yana da shekaru 92.
