Rahoton da Hukumar Ƙididdiga ta Ƙasa (NBS) ta bayar kwanan nan kan alƙaluman farashin kayan masarufi (CPI) abin damuwa ne matuƙa. Rahoton ya ce jadawalin tashin farashi a Nijeriya ya ƙaru da kashi 12.82 cikin ɗari a watan Yuli da ya gabata, kuma ba a taɓa ganin irin wannan tashin ba a cikin watanni 27 tun daga watan Maris na 2018 lokacin da farashi ya yi bala’in tashi da kashi 13.34 cikin ɗari. Wannan yanayin zai ƙara tavarɓarar da fatara da yunwa da ake ciki, wanda hakan kuma bazarana ce ga Shirye-shiryen Agajin Jama’a (SIPs) waɗanda Gwamnatin Tarayya ke aiwatarwa, waɗanda ya zuwa yanzu an narkar da biliyoyin naira a kan su.
Rahoton, wanda ya ce an samu tashin farashi da kashi 12.56 cikin ɗari a watan Yuli 2020, ya kuma nuna cewa farashi ya ci gaba da hauhawa a Nijeriya har tsawon watanni 11 babu ƙaƙƙautawa, daga kashi 11.02 cikin ɗari a Agusta 2019 zuwa kashi 12.82 cikin ɗari a Yuli 2020. Farashin kayan abinci ya tashi da kashi 15.48 cikin ɗari a Yuli 2020 idan an kwatanta shi da kashi 15.18 cikin xari a Yuni 2020. Hakan ya nuna cewa an samu ƙarin 0.34 cikin ɗari idan an kwatanta alƙaluman da na watan Yuni. Bugu da ƙari, idan an duba abin a kan tsarin wata-wata, to za a ga farashin abinci ya ƙaru da kashi 1.52 cikin ɗari a cikin Yuli 2020, wato ya tashi da ɗigo 0.04 cikin ɗari daga ɗigo 1.48 cikin ɗari da aka samu a Yuni 2020. Tashin farashin kayan abinci ya faru ne saboda ƙarin farashin burodi da hatsi, dankali, doya da sauran kayan abinci irin su nama, kayan lambu, man girki da kifi.
Tashin gwauron zabin farashin dukkan kaya, idan an cire wasu manyan kayan amfanin gona, ya tsaya ne a kashi 10.10 cikin ɗari a watan Yuli 2020, wato ya ragu da kashi 0.03 cikin ɗari idan an kwatanta shi da kashi 10.13 cikin ɗari da aka samu a Yuni 2020. Tashin farashin da ya faru an same shi ne a wajen magungunan asibiti, sufurin fasinjan jirgin sama, kayan kemis, kwanciya a asibiti, sufurin fasinjan mota, gyaran abin hawa, da kayan gyaran abin hawa.
A Yuli 2020, an samu tashin gwauron zabon farashi na dukkan kayan masarufi a Jihar Bauchi (16.10 cikin ɗari), sai Jihar Kogi (15.90 cikin ɗari), Sokoto da Filato (15.20 cikin ɗari), da Jihar Ebonyi mai 15 cikin xari. A Legas kuwa (10.70 cikin ɗari), Adamawa (10.60 cikin xari), da Kwara (10.50 cikin ɗari) inda aka samu rashin tashin farashi mafi ƙaranci.
A wajen tashin farashi na shekara-shekara kuwa, a Jihar Kogi aka fi samun mafi tashi da kashi 20.09 cikin ɗari, sai Sokoto (19.28 cikin ɗari) da Filato (18.05 cikin ɗari), yayin da aka samu mafi ƙaranci a Adamawa (13.37 cikin ɗari), Abiya (13.33 cikin ɗari), da Legas (13.13 cikin ɗari).
Tashin farashi na nufin cewa masu samun kuɗi a wuri ɗaya kacal (kamar ‘yan albashi) za su samu ragowar ƙarfin kuɗin kashewa kuma ba za su iya sayen yawan abinci da sauran abubuwan more rayuwa da su ka saba saye da kuɗin da su ka sani ba. Haka kuma, a dalilin aukuwar tashin farashin kaya da na al’amuran yau da kullum, ta yiwu mutane za su fi yin saurin yin sayayya don gudun kada farashi ya ƙara tashi, wanda yin hakan kuma ya kan haifar da rashin daɗi wajen kafa farashin kayayyaki da na al’amuran yau da kullum.
Wannan abu ya faru a daidai lokacin da wani rahoto na Bankin Duniya ya ruwaito cewa ɓarkewar annobar korona za ta iya talauta ƙarin ‘yan Nijeriya miliyan biyar, ganin yadda karayar arziki ta dunfaro wadda rabon da a ga irin ta tun cikin shekarun 1980. Wannan ya sa hauhawar farashi da ke faruwa a ƙasar nan ya na ƙara ba masana tsoro. Bala’in da annobar korona ya janyo, ga kuma faɗuwar farashin man fetur a kasuwar duniya, ya ƙara rikito da tattalin arzikin Nijeriya zuwa ƙasa.
A vangare ɗaya kuma, faɗuwar kasuwar mai ta ƙara dagula tattalin arzikin wannan ƙasa wadda a duk nahiyar Afrika babu mai albarkar man fetur kamar ta, kuma korona za ta ci gaba da shafar halin da jama’a ke ciki, su na ƙara dulmiya cikin fatara, ga shi kuma mun ma fi kowa talauci a duniya.
Bankin Duniya ya ce ya danganta a kan yadda annobar korona ta ci gaba da jawo matsi, amma ya hango cewa tattalin arzikin Nijeriya zai rage ƙarfi tsakanin kashi 3.2 cikin xari da kashi 7.4 cikin ɗari a bana. Idan abin ya ci gaba da ta’azzara, karayar tattalin arziki da za ta faru za ta ci gaba a cikin 2021 lokacin da tattalin arzikin zai ragu da kashi 2 cikin xari, inji bankin.
A wani rahoto da ya wallafa kan cigaban tattalin arzikin Nijeriya, Bankin Duniya ɗin ya ce, “Bala’in da ke akwai a yau, wanda ba a yi tsammanin faruwar sa ba, ya na buƙatar ɗaukar matakan da ba a tava hango su ba daga ɓangaren dukkan jama’ar Nijeriya masu aiki da waxanda ba su aikin gwamnati idan har su na so su taƙaita annobar tare da ceto rayuwar mutane da al’ummomi marasa galihu.”
Bankin Duniya ya tava kintacen cewa ‘yan Nijeriya miliyan biyu, musamman mata, za su faɗa cikin talauci; to yanzu da ya ce mutum miliyan biyar ne za su faɗa cikin talauci, ƙari ne a kan waɗancan miliyan biyun. A yayin da ya iyakance cewa duk mutum wanda bai iya samun kuɗin da ya kai sama da dalar Amurka 2 a rana ya faɗa cikin lissafin faƙirai, ya yi la’akari da cewa jimillar ‘yan Nijeriya kashi 42.5 cikin ɗari za su zama matalauta.
Abin da zai ƙara dagula lamarin shi ne tashin gwauron zabon farashin kayan masarufi wanda aka danganta da ƙaruwar kuɗin shiga daga cinikin fetur da kashi 70 cikin ɗari. Yanzu haka ƙasar nan ta na tattaunawa da Bankin Duniya da sauran hukumomin bada lamuni domin ta samu rancen dala biliyan 6.5 don ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukan ta.
Ofishi mai kula da agaza wa marasa galihu (National Social Safety Nets Coordinating Office, NASSCO) ya saki wani rahoto a watan Fabrairu inda ya nuna cewa a binciken da ya ke yi kan halin da al’ummomin Nijeriya ke ciki, ya gano cewa kimanin ‘yan Nijeriya 9.45 da ke zaune a jihiohi 35 na tarayyar ƙasar nan duk matalauta ne.
An samu waxannan alƙaluman na NASSCO ne daga rajistar jama’a ta ƙasa ta gidajen marasa galihu, wato ‘National Social Register of Poor and Vulnerable Households’ wadda shi ofishin ya tattara. A cewar NASSCO, daga ranar 31 ga Janairu, 2020, ‘yan Nijeriya miliyan 9.45 ɗin nan da ke rayuwar fatara an same su ne a gidajen marasa galihu guda miliyan 2.25. Waɗannan mutane matalauta su na zaune a unguwanni 43,258 a yankunan ƙananan hukumomi 421 da mazaɓu 4,347 da ke sassan Nijeriya.
A yayin da mu ke yaba wa gwamnatin Buhari saboda shirye-shiryen ta na rage raɗaɗin talauci, wato SIPs, tilas ne mu gaggauta nuni da cewa idan har aka bar wannan tashin gwauron zabon da farashi ke yi, ba a magance shi ba, to zai ruguza burin gwamnatin na ceto ‘yan Nijeriya miliyan 100 daga qangin talauci a cikin shekaru 10.
Saboda haka, mu na bada shawara ga Gwamnatin Tarayya da ta fito da dukkan hanyoyin da su ka kamata domin tsaida wannan tashin gwauron zabo wanda farashi ke yi domin a samu nasarar aiwatar da shirye-shiryen magance talauci a ƙasar nan.
