Daga MAHDI MUSA MUHAMMAMD
Tun bayan dawowar Nijeriya kan tafarkin mulkin dimukraɗiyyar Nijeriya a shekarar 1999 zuwa sauye-sauyen siyasa da ake gani a 2026, ƙananan jam’iyyun siyasa da ba su da ƙarfi sun riƙa samun karɓuwa, kuɗaɗen shiga da kuma fitowa fili ne ta hanyar shigowar manyan ’yan siyasa da ke sauya sheƙa daga manyan jam’iyyu sakamakon rikice-rikicen cikin gida, rashin nasara a zaɓen fidda gwani ko kuma dabarun sake tsarawa.
Duk da cewa Nijeriya na bin tsarin jam’iyyu da dama, gasa ta fi karkata ne ga manyan jam’iyyu irin su PDP, APC da kuma LP. A ƙasa da wannan tsari, ƙananan jam’iyyu sun zama mafaka ko kayan ciniki a siyasa ga manyan ‘yan siyasa da ke neman wata hanya ta daban domin cimma burinsu.
A cikin Jamhuriya ta huɗu, an lura da cewa duk lokacin da wani babban ɗan siyasa ya shiga ƙaramar jam’iyya, nan take jam’iyyar ke samun karɓuwa, kuɗaɗen shiga, ƙaruwa a mambobi, har ma a wasu lokuta samun nasarar zaɓe da ke sauya matsayin ta a ƙasa baki ɗaya. Misali mafi girma shi ne yadda Labour Party ta kusan karɓar mulki a zaɓen 2023.
A farkon dimokuraɗiyya a 1999, jam’iyyun Alliance for Democracy (AD) da All Peoples Party (APP) sun kasance manyan ‘yan adawa ga PDP. AD ta yi nasara a jihohin Kudu maso Yamma shida, ciki har da Legas ƙarƙashin Bola Ahmed Tinubu, yayin da APP ta kafa ƙarfi a Arewa, inda ta samu gwamnoni a jihohi da dama.
Jam’iyyar Peoples Redemption Party (PRP) ta ci gaba da riƙe aƙidar siyasar Arewa, musamman da gadon tsohon gwamnan Kaduna, marigayi Balarabe Musa. Duk da haka, ba ta sake samun babbar nasara a matakin ƙasa ba a wannan zamani.
A wani ɓangare, jam’iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) ta zama babbar jam’iyyar adawa ta hanyar takarar Muhammadu Buhari a 2003 da 2007, inda ta samu ƙuri’u masu yawa tare da riƙe jihohi masu muhimmanci.
Daga baya, jam’iyyar Congress for Progressiɓe Change (CPC) da aka kafa a 2009 ta samu ƙarfi a zaɓen 2011, kafin daga bisani ta zama ginshiƙi a haɗakar da ta haifar da APC a 2013.
Jam’iyyar All Progressiɓes Grand Alliance (APGA) ta samu ƙarfi a Jihar Anambra ta hannun Peter Obi, yayin da Progressiɓe Peoples Alliance (PPA) ta yi fice a Abia ƙarƙashin Orji Uzor Kalu.
Haka kuma, jam’iyyar Allied Peoples Moɓement (APM) ta bayyana a zaɓen Ogun na 2019 a matsayin wata madadin hanya a lokacin rikicin siyasa, yayin da ADC ta fara taka rawa a matsayin jam’iyyar haɗakar ‘yan adawa daga 2020 zuwa 2022.
Babban sauyi ya zo ne a 2022 lokacin da Peter Obi ya koma Labour Party, lamarin da ya haifar da gagarumin tasiri a zaɓen 2023, inda jam’iyyar ta samu nasarori da dama ciki har da kujerar gwamnan Abia.
Hakazalika, jam’iyyar New Nigeria Peoples Party (NNPP) ta samu ƙarfi bayan shigar Rabiu Musa Kwankwaso, inda ta lashe zaɓen gwamnan Kano a 2023.
Daga 2025 zuwa 2026, jam’iyyar ADC ta sake zama cibiyar tattaunawar haɗakar ‘yan adawa, tare da manyan ‘yan siyasa irin su Atiku Abubakar, Peter Obi da Kwankwaso, duk da cewa ƙarfinta ya fi ta’allaƙa ne kan tattaunawa fiye da nasarar zaɓe.
A shekarar 2026 kuma, an fara jin batun sabuwar jam’iyya mai suna Nigeria Democratic Congress (NDC), wadda ake alaƙanta ta da yunƙurin haɗakar ‘yan adawa, kodayake har yanzu ba ta zama cikakkiyar jam’iyya mai rijista ba.
Bincike ya nuna cewa sama da kashi 70 cikin 100 na jam’iyyun da aka kafa tun 1999 sun kasa tsallake zaɓe biyu, yayin da sauya sheƙar ‘yan siyasa ke ƙara nuna yadda siyasar Nijeriya ke da sauyin yanayi.
Masu sharhi sun ce ƙananan jam’iyyu ba sa bunƙasa ne ta hanyar aƙida ko tsari mai ƙarfi, sai dai suna samun rayuwa ne ta hanyar shigowar manyan ‘yan siyasa da ke kawo kuɗi, mabiya da damar yin gogayya a zaɓe.
A nasa ra’ayi, tsohon shugaban ƙasa na ƙungiyar Campaign for Democracy (CD), Abdul Bako Usman, ya bayyana cewa yawancin jam’iyyun siyasa sun zama wata hanya ta samun kuɗi ga shugabanninsu, inda ake cin gajiyar kuɗin takara da mu’amaloli na cikin gida.
Ya ƙara da cewa duk da rawar da manyan ‘yan siyasa ke takawa wajen farfaɗo da ƙananan jam’iyyu, tsarin siyasar ya fi karkata ga kuɗi fiye da wakilcin jama’a, lamarin da ke hana al’umma amfana da dimokuraɗiyya yadda ya kamata.
Haka kuma ya lura cewa yawancin ‘yan siyasar da suka ci zaɓe a ƙarƙashin ƙananan jam’iyyu kan koma manyan jam’iyyu daga baya, abin da ke ƙara jaddada cewa siyasar Nijeriya na gudana ne bisa anfani da dama maimakon tsayawa kan aƙida.
