Daga BELLO WANG
A kwanakin baya ne, aka gudanar da taro na 11 na dandalin masanan ƙasashen Afirka da Sin CATTF, a birnin Beijing na ƙasar Sin, inda ɗimbin masana da jami’ai daga bangarorin Afirka da Sin suka halarci taron, tare da tattauna kan batun raya hulɗar dake tsakanin Afirka da Sin, da aiwatar da shirin tabbatar da ci gaban duniya.
A ganin mahalarta taron, ƙasashen Afirka da ƙasar Sin, da sauran ƙasashe masu tasowa, za su iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ƙoƙarin tabbatar da tsarin duniya a wannan zamanin da muke ciki.
A yayin taron, wasu shahararrun masana na ƙasar Sin da na ƙasashen Afirka sun yi jawabi ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Inda Malam Liu Hongwu, darektan cibiyar nazarin Afirka ta jami’ar koyar da ilimin malanta ta lardin Zhejiang na ƙasar Sin, ya taɓo wani babban aikin dake gaban masanan ƙasashen Afirka da na Sin.
Ya ce, “aiki mai muhimmanci shi ne, za mu yi haɗin gwiwa don kawo ƙarshe tsarin ilimi na yaƙin cacar baki, wanda kasashen yamma suka ƙirƙiro, suka kuma yada shi a duniya, ta yadda za mu maye gurbinsa da sabon tsarin ilimi mai alaƙa da al’ummar dan Adam mai makomar bai ɗaya, da muke ƙoƙarin rayawa.”
A cewar farfesa Liu, tsarin ilimi na cacar baki, wani nau’in tsarin ilimi ne da ƙasashen yamma suke amfani da shi, wajen kare ikonsu na yin babakere a duniya, wanda ya shafi takara tsakanin ƙasashe, da yarda da nuna fin ƙarfi, da shawo kan sauran ƙasashe, da hana wasu kasashe samun ci gaba, da dai sauransu. Ƙarƙashin wannan tsari ne, ƙasashen yamma suka gabatar da wasu ra’ayoyi don yin tasiri kan ƙasashe masu tasowa. Misali sun raba kasashe zuwa masu bin tsarin dimokuraɗiyya, da masu bin tsarin kama karya. Kana sun ce an fi samun mulki na zalunci a ƙasashe masu tasowa, don haka akwai buƙatar yin shisshigi a harkokin cikin gida na waɗannan ƙasashe.
Liu Hongwu ya ce tsarin ilimi na yaƙin cacar baki da ƙasashen yamma suka gabatar, ya ƙunshi wasu halayyar musamman:
Da farko, nuna ra’ayi na son kai. Ƙasashen yamma su kan ambaci tsarin ne, a lokacin da zai biya buƙatunsu.
Na biyu, wannan tsarin ya sa ƙasashen yamma raba kafa dangane da ra’ayinsu. Misali, a ganinsu, su ne ƙasashen dake bin tsarin dimokuraɗiyya, wai sauran ƙasashe suna “mulkin zalunci” ne.
Na uku, wannan tsarin ilimin, ya haddasa manyan rikice-rikice a duniya, da kiyayya tsakanin al’ummomi.
Ban da wannan kuma, farfesa Liu ya yi bayani kan tsarin ilimi na al’ummar dan Adam mai makomar bai ɗaya, da ƙasashen Afirka da Sin, da sauran ƙasashe masu tasowa suka kafa tare.
A cewarsa, tsarin ilimin ya shafi haɗin gwiwa don amfanin juna, da zaman daidaito, da girmama juna, da koyon abubuwa masu daraja daga al’adun juna, da tabbatar da tsaron dukkan ɓangarori, da dai sauransu. Ƙarƙashin wannan tsari na ilimi ne, masanan ƙasashen Afirka da na Sin suka gabatar da tunani mai daraja, wanda aka canza shi zuwa manufofin ƙasa, misali dogaro da kai, da kare ikon mulkin kai, da tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali, da hakkin samun ci gaba, da haƙƙin rayuwa, da karuwar tattalin arziki, da kyautata zaman rayuwar jama’a, da raya kayayyakin more rayuwa, da kawar da ƙangin talauci, da neman ci gaban tattalin arziki tare da kare muhalli, da ƙwarewar gwamnati, da dai sauransu. Halayyar musamman dake tattare da tsarin ilimin, a cewar farfesa Liu, ita ce ra’ayi na girmama juna da ake samu tsakanin al’ummun dan Adam, da ƙoƙarin haɗin gwiwa da juna, da zama cikin daidaito.
Sa’an nan a nashi jawabi, Ezzat Saad Elsayed, darektan majalisar hulɗa da ƙasashen waje ta ƙasar Masar, ya kwatanta rawar da ƙasar Sin da ƙasar Amurka suke takawa a fannin taimaka wa sauran ƙasashe samun ci gaba. A cewarsa, “ƙasar Sin na taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannin jagorantar ayyukan taimakawa ƙasashe daban daban samun ci gaba. Kana misalin shaidu a zahiri a wannan fanni, su ne shirin ziri ɗaya da hanya ɗaya, da shirin ci gaban duniya, da ƙasar Sin ta gabatar, waɗanda suke samun karɓuwa tsakanin ƙasashen Afirka. Yayin da a ɓangaren ƙasar Amurka kuwa, manufofin da tsohon shugaban ƙasar Barack Obama ya gabatar, ba su yi wani haƙiƙanin tasiri ba, sa’an nan Donald Trump, yayin da yake mulki, ya kawar da waɗannan manufofi na ba da tallafi ga sauran kasashe.”
Ezzat Elsayed ya ambato cewa, yayin taron shugabannin ƙasashen G7 da ya gudana a watan da ya gabata, shugaba Joe Biden na ƙasar Amurka ya yi alƙawarin samar da dalar Amurka biliyan 200, a matsayin jarin da za a zuba a wasu ƙasashe. Ban da wannan taro ma, shugaban ya halarci taron ƙoli na ƙungiyar tsaro na NATO, inda a dukkan tarukan biyu, ya bayyana ƙasar Sin a matsayin “wata barazana”. Haka zalika, ƙasar Amurka da ƙawayenta sun gabatar da shirin raya hulɗar abota a yankin tekun Pasific don daƙile tasirin ƙasar Sin kan wasu tsibiran ƙasashen dake yankin tekun Pasific. Kafofin watsa labaru na ƙasar Amurka na ganin cewa, ta waɗannan manofofin da kasar ta bullo da su, za ta iya takara da shirin ziri ɗaya da hanya ɗaya na kasar Sin. Amma a ganin masanan ƙasashen yamma, gabatar da wani shiri a taron ƙoli na G7, yana nuna yadda ake amincewa da babban tasirin da shirin ziri daya da hanyar daya na ƙasar Sin ya yi a duniya.
A cewar Ezzat Elsayed, haƙiƙa ƙasar Amurka ta taba gabatar da shirin “neman ganin wata duniya mai kyau” a bara. Sa’an nan a wannan karo, Amurka ta dan yi wa tsohon shirin kwaskwarima, don neman daidaita hulɗarta da ƙawayenta irin su Japan da Autraliya, da dai sauransu. Sai dai shirin da aka gabatar bai yi amfani ba, saboda bambancin ra’ayin da aka samu tsakanin ƙasar Amurka da kawayenta, kan maganar tinkarar sauyin yanayi, da sauran batutuwa. Sa’an nan matsalolin cikin gida da ƙasashen yamma suke fuskanta, misali hauhawar farashin kaya, da matsaloli a fannin siyasa, su ma za su hana ƙasashen zuba jari a ƙasashe masu tasowa.
Ezzat Elsayed ya ƙara da cewa, a sa’i daya, ƙasar Sin tana da ra’ayin da ya sha bamban da na ƙasashen yamma. A ganin ƙasar Sin, idan har ana son daidaita matsalolin da ƙasashen Afirka, da sauran ƙasashe daban daban suke fuskanta, dole ne a yi kokarin samun ci gaban tattalin arziki mai ɗorewa. Ban da wannan kuma, kasar Sin na son baiwa ƙasashe masu tasowa damar raya kansu, bisa ƙarfin kansu. Wannan ra’ayi ya sa ƙasar zuba ƙarin jari a fannin gina kayayyakin more rayuwa, musamman ma waɗanda ke taimakawa kyautata zaman rayuwar jama’a, a sauran ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ya ce, “ƙasar Sin ta ƙulla hulɗar haɗin kai tare da ƙasashe fiye da 110, da ƙungiyoyin kasa da ƙasa fiye da goma, ciki har da ƙungiyar tarayyar Afirka AU. Sabanin yadda muka hulda da ƙasashen yamma a baya, muna da cikakken imani kan matakan hadin gwiwa da ƙasar Sin ta gabatar. A ganinmu, ta hanyar shawarar ziri ɗaya da hanya ɗaya, da sauran manufofin hadin kai da Sin ta gabatar, muna iya tabbatar da makomar ƙasashenmu mai haske. ”
Aliyu Mohammed Gusau, tsohon ministan tsaron ƙasar Najeriya, kana wanda ya kafa cibiyar nazarin al’amuran duniya ta Gusau Center. Cikin jawabin da ya gabatar, ya jaddada ma’anar hadin gwiwar ƙasashen Afirka da ƙasar Sin, inda ya ce, “yadda muke haɗin gwiwa da ƙasar Sin, ya sha bamban da yadda muke hulɗa da sauran ƙasashe a baya. Ana iya ganin wannan bambanci a fili, bisa maƙudan kuɗaɗen da ƙasar Sin ta zuba a nahiyar Afirka, da yadda ba a nuna son zuciya yayin da ake hulɗa tsakanin Afirka da Sin.”
A cewar Malam Aliyu Mohammed, ƙasar Sin ta samu ɗimbin nasarori, a fannonin rage talauci, da raya tattalin arziki, da kimiya da fasaha, kana ta taimaki ƙasashen Afirka sosai a kokarinsu na raya waɗannan fannoni. Ban da wannan kuma, ƙasar Sin tana hadin kai da ƙasashen Afirka ne bisa tushe na daidaito, yayin da hulɗa da ƙasar Sin shi ma ya ɗaukaka matsayin ƙasashen Afirka, kamar ƙasashen Turai da ƙasar Amurka suke gani. Sa’an nan, a matsayinsa na tsohon ministan tsaron ƙasar Najeriya, Malam Aliyu Mohammed shi ma ya bayyana burinsa na ganin ɓangarorin Afirka da Sin su karfafa haɗin gwiwarsu ta fuskar aikin tsaro.
Daga bisani, Malam Ali Issa Abdi, darektan cibiyar nazarin manufofi masu alaka da tattalin arziki da zaman al’umma ta kahon Afirka, shi ma ya yi jawabi, inda ya ce, yankin kahon Afirka ya ƙunshi ƙasashe 8 dake gabashin nahiyar Afirka, cikinsu akwai ƙasar Kenya da Somaliya, da dai sauransu. A cewarsa, wadannan ƙasashe sun riga sun zama ƙasashen da ƙasar Sin ke zuba dimbin jari a cikinsu, inda Sin ta taimake su wajen gina tashohin jiragen ruwa, da yankunan ciniki cikin ‘yanci, da dai sauransu. Bisa taimakon da ƙasar Sin ta bayar, wadannan kasashen dake ƙahon Afirka, sun samu damar gina manyan kayayyakin more rayuwa, da kara dunƙulewar tattalin arzikin yankin waje guda, da samar da guraben aikin yi, gami da ciyar da tattalin arziki gaba tare da amfanawa talakawa, in ji Malam Ali Abdi.
Sa’an nan a cikin nashi jawabi, Yonas Adaye Adeto, darektan cibiyar nazarin ayyukan tsaro ta jami’ar Addis Ababan ƙasar Habasha, ya bayyana ra’ayinsa game da dalilin da ya sa ci gaban ƙasar Sin yake janyo hankalin kasashen Afirka. A cewarsa, bisa alƙaluman da bankin duniya ya gabatar, jimillar GDPn ƙasar Kenya ya ninka ta ƙasar Sin har sau 4 a shekarar 1961. Amma zuwa shekarar 2020, GDPn ƙasar Sin ya karu da ninki 50, yayin da jimillar ta ƙasar Kenya ya ninka sau 3 kawai. Saboda haka ƙasashen Afirka na son koyon fasahohi na ƙasar Sin, musamman ma tsarinta na raya tattalin arziki, wanda ya sa gwamnati ke taka muhimmiyar rawa.
A cewar mista Yonas Adeto, wasu ƙasashen yamma na ganin cewa, ba za a samu nasara a fannin raya kasa ba, idan ba a rungumi tsare-tsarensu ba. Amma haƙiƙa ƙasashen duniya sun sha bamban da juna, a fannonin al’adu da tarihi, don haka babu wani tsari na bai ɗaya, wanda zai dace da kowace ƙasa. Ta la’akari da kalubalolin da ake fuskanta a harkokin siyasa da tattalin arziki na duniya a wannan zamanin da muke ciki, tunanin ƙasashen Afirka ya riga ya canza sosai, inda suke neman haɗin gwiwa da ƙasar Sin, da sauran ƙasashe masu tasowa, don kafa wani sabon tsari na duniya, wanda zai tabbatar da ci gaban ƙasashe daban daban.
Mista Deng Li, shi ne mataimakin ministan harkokin wajen ƙasar Sin, wanda shi ma ya halarci wannan taro, tare da gabatar da jawabin cewa, shugaban ƙasar Sin Xi Jinping ya taba jaddada bukatar ƙarfafa hadin gwiwa tsakanin kasashe masu tasowa, yayin da yake halartar taron shugabannin ƙasa da ƙasa kan batun ci gaban duniya. Ban da wannan kuma, shugaban ya bukaci ƙasashe masu sukuni da su ƙara haɗa kai tare da ƙasashe masu tasowa, don raya wata hulɗar abota da za ta tabbatar da daidaito, da moriyar juna, da ci gaban dukkan ƙasashe daban daban, maimakon barin wata ƙasa ta riƙa fama da koma bayan tattalin arziki. A cewar mista Deng Li, kasar Sin tana ƙoƙarin cimma wannan buri ne ta hanyar gabatar da shawarar ziri daya da hanya ɗaya, da shirin tabbatar da ci gaban duniya, gani da dandalin hadin gwiwar Sin da Afirka, da dai sauransu.
Mista Deng Li ya kara da cewa, ƙasashe masu tasowa suna da matsayi na daidai-wa-daida da ƙasashe masu sukuni a duniya, inda suke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kula da harkokin ƙasa da ƙasa, da raya tsarin duniya, maimakon zama waɗanda za su amince da tsarin da aka ƙaƙaba musu. Ya ce, ta la’akari da matsayin Afirka na nahiyar da ake samun mafi yawan ƙasashe masu tasowa, da matsayin Sin na ƙasa mai tasowa mafi girma a duniya, ya kamata ɓangarorin Sin da Afirka su yi ƙoƙarin kare tsarin ƙasa da ƙasa dake ƙarƙashin jagorancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da moriyar bai ɗaya ta ƙasashe masu tasowa, da haƙƙinsu na neman wanzar da zaman rayuwa mai inganci ga jama’ar ƙasashensu.