Daga MAHDI M. MUHAMMAD
Rikici tsakanin Isra’ila da Falastinu ya na da dogon tarihi, amma za mu ɗauko shi daga ƙarni na 19 a lokacin da Yahudawa bisa jagoranci wani ɗan jarida Bayahude ɗan asalin ƙasar Sweeden mai suna Theodore Herzl, suka shirya wani muhimman taron a birnin Bale na ƙasar Sweezerland, wanda sakamakon shi suka ƙirƙiro abinda suka kira ‘Sionisme’, wato ƙungiyar ƙwatar ‘yanci Yahudawa da kuma komawarsu a tsaunin Sion, wanda suka ce nan ne ƙasar ta asali.
Sun ƙaddamar da wannan shiri dalili da azabar da kuma wariyar da Yahudawan su ka ce su na fama da ita a nahiyar Turai.
Bayan girka wannan tsari, sai Theodore Herlz ya shiga gwagwarmayar neman matsugunnin dindindin ga Yahudawa, inda ya yi ta kai gwabro da mari a fadodin manyan ƙasashen duniya na wancen lokaci kamar Birtaniya, Faransa da Daular Turkiyya ta sarki Ottoman.A cikin tsarin sun buƙaci girka matsugunnin Yahudawa a Sinai kokuma a qasar Yuganda.
A shekara 1905 su ka tsaida shawara tarewa a Falastinu.
Yahudawa daga Turai sun fara ƙaura zuwa Falastinu a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, a yayin da wasu suka nufi Amurka.
A lokacin ɓarkewar yaƙin duniya na farko a shekara 1914, Falastinu ta na mutane kusan dubu ɗari tara kuma 94.000 daga cikinsu Yahudawa ne, wanda suka ƙaura daga Turai. Sannu a hankali suna zuwa har dai a ƙarshe suka mamaye Falastinu, a lokacin kuma Falastinu ta na ƙarƙashin mulkin Daular Turkiyya.
Goyan bayan ƙasashen Turai da Isra’ila:
Bayan yaƙin duniya na farko ya ƙare, Turkiyya ta na daga cikin yankunan da aka ci yaqi, sai Faransa da Ingila suka mamaye yankunan da ta mallaka a Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma suka rabe shi. Falastinu ta faɗa cikin kulawa Birtaniya.
Ranar biyu ga watan Nuwamba na shekara 1917 sai gwamnatin Ingila ta bada cikkaken goyan ga Yahudawa abinda ya ba su damar ɓullo da wata sanarwa da aka fi sani cikin tarihi da suna sanarwar ‘Balfour’, inda Ingila ta amince Yahudawa su girka matsugunni a Falastinu. Arthu James Balfour a lokacin shi ne Ministan harkokin wajen Birtaniya kuma shi ya rubuta wannan sanarwa saboda haka ta ɗauki sunansa.
Wannan sanarwa da wasu ke dangatawa da tubalin tushe na girka ƙasar Isra’ila, ta samu amincewa daga Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta wancen zamanin wato Society of Nations ko kuma Societe des Nations. Daga nan sai Yahudawa suka yi ciri zuwa Falastinu. Kuma a cikin yaƙin duniya na biyu, Hitler ya yi wa Yahudawa kisan ƙare dangi a Jamus da cikin ƙasashen Turai da dama abinda aka fi sani da suna Shoah.
Bayan an ci Hitler da yaƙi sai Yahudawan su ƙara samun goyon baya daga ƙasashen Turai a matsayin shafe hawaye. Bayan yaqin duniya na biyu sai yawan Yahudawa a Falastinu ya tashi zuwa kashi 28 cikin ɗari na jimlar mazaunan ƙasar. Alhali kafin nan suna da 10% kawai.
Girka ƙasar Isra’ila:
An girka ƙasar Isra’ila bayan da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya wadda ta raba Falastinu tsakanin Falastinawa da Yahudawa. Majalisar ta ɗauki ƙuduri mai lamba 181 a shekara 1947 wandan ya raba Falastinu kashi ukku: Aka ba Yahudawa kashi 55%, Palestinu aka bata kashi 44% sai kuma kashi 1% wanda ya yada da birnin Ƙudus a matsayin yanki mai zaman kanshi da ke cikin kulawar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya.
Bayan haka sai David Ben Gurion ya ƙaddamar da Isra’ila a matsayin ƙasa mai cikkaken ‘yanci ranar 14 ga watan Mayu na shekara 1948.To amma Isra’ila ba ta mutunta wannan kaso ba domin ta ci gaba da mamaye yankunan Falastinawa. Wani babban mataki ma da Majalisar Dokokin Isra’ila wato Knesset ta ɗauka shine na ƙaddamar birnin Ƙudus a matsayin babban birnin Isra’ila na har abadan abada, aninda Falastinawa da Larabawa su ka ce har ƙasa ta naɗe ba za su amincewa ba da hakan.
Matsayin ƙasashen larabawa a rikicin Isra’ila da Falastinu:
Ƙasashen Larabawa da Falastinawa sun nuna adawa ƙwarai da gaske. An sha gwabza yaƙi tsakanin dakarun ƙasashen Larabawa da na Isra’ila. Akwai misali yaƙin da a ka yi tsakanin Masar da Isra’ila, wanda aka fi sani da yaƙin kwanaki shida, inda a tsukin wannan kwanaki en sojojin Isra’ila suka ci na Masar da yaƙi a kan riki na Isra’ila da Falestinu domin ƙwace yankunan da Yahudawa suka mamayewa Falastinu.
An yi wannan yaƙi a shekara 1967, inda Masar ta samu goyan baya daga sojojin Siriya da na Jordan.
Akwai kuma yaƙin da ake kira yaƙin Kippour a shekara 1973, wanda a nan ma Isra’ila ta samu galaba kan Masar da abokan ƙawancenta.
Akwai yaƙin da aka gwabza tsakanin Isra’ila da Libanon a shekara 1982 duk dai akan rikicin na Falastinu, kuma bayan nan saida rundunar Isra’ila ta mamaye tuddan Golan na ƙasar Siriya.
An cimma yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tsanin Masar da Isra’ila a Camp David, da aka cimma tsakanin shugaban Masar Annouar Al-Sadate da Firaministan Isra’ila Menaha Begin bisa jagorancin shugaban ƙasar Amurika Jimmy Carter a shekara 1978.
Shawarwarin zaman lafiya tsakanin Isra’ila da Falastinu:
An hau tebrin shawarwari so da yawa, ba tare da cimma masalaha ba. An fara wannan shawarwari a shekara 1990 a birnin Madrid na ƙasar Spain. Akwai kuma yarjejniyar Oslo a shekara 1993 inda PLO ta amince da Isra’ila a matsayin ƙasa mai cikkaken ‘yanci, ita kuma gwamnatin Isra’ila ta amince da PLO, a matsayin hallartar Hukuma mai magana da yawun Falastinawa.
A karon farko Majalisar Dokokin Falastinu da ke cikin gudun hijira ta yi zaman taron a cikin Falastinu, inda kuma ta cire matakin da ke haramta ƙasar Isra’ila daga cikin dokokinta.
Itama Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ɗauki ƙudurori da dama to saidai ba tare da sun yi tasiri ba wajen samar da zaman lafiya a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya. Ƙuduri mafi tasiri shine na 242 na ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamba shekara 1967 inda Komitin Sulhu na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya shata iyakoki tsakanin Isra’ ila da Falastinu, kuma ya umurci Isa’ila ta janye daga yankunan Falastinawa.
Saidai duk da wannan ƙudurori da shawarwari har yanzu an kasa cimma burin girka ƙasashe biyu wato Isra’ila da Falestinu, a maimakon haka sai ma al’amura ke ta ƙara taɓarɓarewa, kamar misali yaƙin da aka gwabza a kwanakin nan tsakanin Isra’ila da ƙungiyar Hamas, wadda ke riƙe da yankin Gaza tun shekara 2007.