Daga LUBABATU LEI
Daga watan Yunin bana, mamakon ruwan da aka sheka ya haifar da ambaliya a ƙasashen yammacin Afirka da dama.
A Nijeriya, bala’in ya shafi jihohi 34 daga cikin gaba dayan 36, wanda ya sababa mutuwar mutane sama da 600, tare da raba wasu miliyan 1.4 da muhallansu da ma lalata gidaje dubu 820 da kuma gonaki da faɗinsu ya kai eka dubu 110.
A Nijer, ambaliyar ruwa ta halaka mutane 195, baya ga wasu dubu 320 da ta rutsa da su.
A yankin ƙahon Afirka da ke gabashin nahiyar kuma, bala’in fari da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba cikin shekaru 40 da suka wuce, ya tsunduma al’ummar yankin miliyan 47 cikin yunwa.
Ba kawai a nahiyar Afirka ba, irin matsanancin yanayi ya yi ta afkawa sauran sassan duniya.
A nan ƙasar Sin, yankunan da kogin Yangtse ya ratsa sun fuskanci mummunan fari da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba.
Sai kuma a Pakistan, ambaliyar ruwa mai tsanani ya afkawa kashi 1/3 na yankunan ƙasar.
A Turai kuma, mutane a ƙalla dubu 15 sun mutu sakamakon tsananin zafi da ba safai a kan samu ba a tarihin yankin.
Lallai ɗan Adam na ɗanɗana kuɗar sauyin yanayi, lamarin da kuma ya sanya su fahimci wajibcin tinkarar matsalar cikin gaggawa.
A cikin irin wannan hali ne, kwanan nan aka ƙaddamar da taron masu ruwa da tsaki na yarjejeniyar sauyin yanayi ta MƊD karo na 27 (COP27) a birnin Sharm el-Sheikh na ƙasar Masar.
“Ana yawan samun yawaitar ambaliyar ruwa a ƙasarmu, amma bai kai wanda aka fuskanta a baya-bayan nan ba…ni da da yawa daga cikin takwarorina mun ji takaicin munafunci, da rashin ɗaukar nauyin da ƙasashen yamma ke yi.”
Kwanan nan, jaridar “Washington Post” ta Amurka, ta buga wani sharhi mai taken “Kauce wa magana game da sauyin yanayi da Afirka”, wanda shugaban Najeriya Muhammadu Buhari ya rubuta.
Sharhin ya yi nuni da cewa, “Bunƙasuwar ƙasashen yamma sun haifar da bala’u a nahiyarmu.
Ga shi yanzu, manufofinsu na kiyaye muhalli sun ƙayyade cewa, domin tabbatar da ƙarin moriya, ya kamata mutanen Afirka su ci gaba da kasancewa cikin ƙangin talauci.
Abin da ya fi rashin adalci shi ne, za a haka albarkatun Carbon da muke da su, sai dai ba domin ’yan Afirka ba.”
Daidai kamar yadda mai girma shugaba Buhari ya bayyana, cikin shekaru sama da 200 da suka gabata, ƙasashe masu arziki a yammacin duniya sun yi ƙoƙarin bunƙasa masana’antunsu tare da fitar da hayakin Carbon mai yawan gaske, don haka, dole ne su ɗauki babban nauyi wajen matsalar sauyin yanayin duniya, abin da kuma ya sa ya zama wajibi su samar da kuɗi da fasahohi na taimakawa ƙasashe masu tasowa wajen rage fitar da iskar Carbon a yayin da kuma kiyaye bunƙasuwarsu.
Sai dai abin takaici ne yadda wasu ƙasashe masu arziki suka karya cika alƙawuran da suka ɗauka, ya sa gamayyar ƙasa da ƙasa suka ƙasa haɗa kawunansu.
Tuni a gun taron sauyin yanayi na MƊD da aka gudanar a shekarar 2009, ƙasashe masu arziki suka yi alƙawarin samar wa ƙasashe masu tasowa dala biliyan 100 a kowace shekara ya zuwa shekarar 2020, alƙawarin da har yanzu ba a cika ba.
Ban da wannan, a kan batun sauyin yanayi, nauyin da ke bisa wuyan ƙasa da ƙasa ya bambanta sakamakon bambancin tarihinsu wajen fitar da hayakin Carbon da ma matakan ci gabansu, dalili ke nan da galibin ƙasashen duniya suka amince da ƙa’idar “nauyi ɗaya amma da bambanci” wajen ɗaukar matakan tinkarar matsalar.
Amma a haƙiƙa, wasu ƙasashe masu ci gaba sun yi ta kawar da kawunansu daga ƙa’idar, har ma suka buƙaci ƙasashe masu tasowa su ɗauki matakan da ba su dace ba.
Amma da suke fuskantar matsalar makamashi a halin yanzu, sai suka farfaɗo da aikin samar da wutar lantarki ta yin amfani da kwal, matakin da ya kasance koma baya a ƙoƙarin da ake yi na tinkarar sauyin yanayi.
Ƙasar Sin a nata ɓangaren, a matsayinta na ƙasa mai tasowa mafi girma a duniya, a yayin da take ƙoƙarin kiyaye ci gaban tattalin arziki da zaman al’ummar ƙasar, tana kuma kokarin aiwatar da nauyin da aka dora mata na rage fitar da hayakin Carbon bisa yarjejeniyar Paris.
Cikin shekaru 10 da suka wuce, ƙasar ta kiyaye matsakaicin ƙaruwar tattalin arziki da kashi 6.6%, a yayin da ƙaruwar makamashin da ta yi amfani da su ya kai kashi 3% kawai, sai kuma yawan iskar Carbon da ƙasar ta fitar da ya ragu da kimanin kashi 34.4% bisa ga ma’aunin GDP.
A sa’i daya kuma, ƙasar ta yi kokarin rungumar makomar ɗan Adam ta bai ɗaya, inda ta yi iyakacin ƙoƙarinta wajen samar da gudummawarta ga ƙasashe masu tasowa ta fuskar kiyaye muhalli.
Kawo yanzu dai, ƙasar Sin ta samar da kuɗi yuan biliyan 1.2 kwatankwacin dala miliyan 165 wajen ƙara yin hadin gwiwa da ƙasashe masu tasowa don tinkarar matsalar sauyin yanayi, baya ga kuma daddale yarjejeniyoyin haɗin gwiwa 43 tare da ƙasashe masu tasowa 38, da horar da ma’aikatan kula da sauyin yanayi kimanin 2000 daga ƙasashe masu tasowa sama da 120.
Dalilin hakan kuma shi ne sabo da ƙasar ta Sin tana sane da cewa, makomar ɗan Adam daya ce a gaban ƙalubalen sauyin yanayi.
Babban magatakardan Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, António Guterres, ya bayyana a yayin bikin ƙaddamar da taron COP27 cewa, matsalar sauyin yanayi na dab da ƙara ta’azzara a duniyarmu.
Don haka ya zama dole ’yan Adam su zama tsintsiya maɗaurinki ɗaya, don tinkarar wannan matsalar da ta riga ta barnata tattalin arziki da hulɗoɗin ƙasa da ƙasa.
In ba haka ba, matsalar za ta kawo ƙarshen bil’adama.
A taron na wannan karo, an sanya batun biyan ƙasashe masu tasowa da ƙasashe masu rauni hasarorin da suka fuskanta sakamakon sauyin yanayi cikin jerin batutuwan da za a tattauna, wanda babban ci gaba ne a tarihin tarukan sauyin yanayi na MƊD.
Muna fatan ƙasashe masu arziki su sauke nauyin da ke bisa wuyansu, su samar da kuɗi da fasahohi, wajen taimakawa ƙasashen Afirka da sauran ƙasashe masu tasowa, don a haɗa kai wajen saukaka matsalolin sauyin yanayi.