Daga MAHDI M. MUHAMMAD
Da farko dai, Jaridar Manhaja ta yi iya bakin ƙoƙari wajen ganin ta kawo wa mai karatu abin da ya inganta daga abin da za mu rubuta ta hanyar tattaro bayanai daga wurare daban-daban da kuma zurfafa bincike; wato cil-da-cil, ganin Annabin tsohuwa. Muna fatan wannan rubutu ya zama fitilar da za ta haskaka zuciyar masu neman sanin haƙiƙanin tarihin Ƙabilar Kanurai. A sha karatu lafiya.
Daular Borno dai tsohuwar Daula ce a Afirika da aka kafa tun kafin ƙarni na 10 wacce ta haɗa da yankunan da yanzu ke cikin Nijeriya, Nijar, Chadi, Kamaru da Sudan har Libya.
Daular Kanem ta El-Kanemi ta samo asali ne daga daular Saifuwa. Masana tarihi sun ce mutanen Saifuwa daga Yemen ne suka fara kafa daular Musulunci a Borno, tsawon shekara 1000 da suka gabata.
Muhammad al-Amin El-Kanemi ya kafa Daular Kanem ne a ƙarni na 18, bayan kawar da daular Saifuwa waɗanda sarakunanta suka yi mulki shekaru da dama.
Asalin kalmar Borno:
Rubuce-rubucen masana tarihi sun nuna cewa, kalmar Borno ta samo asali ne daga kalmomin Larabci, ‘Bahar Nur’, wato ma’ana kogin haske. Kuma saboda kasancewar Borno gidan Alƙur’ani gidan Musulunci ne, dalilin ke nan da ya sa sarakunan farko suke kiranta ‘Bahar Nur’, ma’ana kogin haske na Musulunci.
Tushen Borno:
Tarihi ya nuna cewa Kanuri da suka kafa Borno daga Yemen suka fito, wato tsatson wani sarki da aka yi a Yemen mai suna Said Ibn Dhi Yazan da ake kira Malik al-Himyari tun kafin zamanin Annabi (SAWW), wanda ya kafa dauloli a India da Fasha.
Tarihi ya nuna mutanen Ibn Dhi Yazan suna cikin waɗanda suka amince su ba sahabban Annabi SAWW mafaka bayan hijirarsa daga Makkah zuwa Madinah. Yemen ne asalin Kanurin da suka kafa mulki a Daular Borno daga Daular Saifuwa a cewar Zanna Hassan Boguma.
Asalin Kanuri:
Kanuri suna ne na wata Ƙabila daga cikin manyan Ƙabilun Arewacin NIjeriya, waɗanda suka taɓa kafa ɗaya daga cikin dauloli guda biyu mafiya girma a duk faɗin Afirka ta yau.
Mutane ne da suka samo asali daga Yemen (Abubakar, 2017; Ballo, 1974). Suna da matuƙar riƙo da al’adunsu na gargajiya, addini, karvar baƙi da kuma uwa-uba hidimtawa Alƙur’ani da masu hulɗa da shi da suka shafi koyo, koyarwa, hadda, rubutawa da kuma masu karanta shi. Babban garin su; wato Maiduguri, ana yi masa kallon matsugunni ko kuma masaukin mahaddata da kuma makaranta Alƙur’ani. Akwai wata kalma ko kuma lambar girmamawa da suke bai wa duk mutumin da ya ƙware matuƙa gaya wajen karanta Alƙur’ani; Goni wanda da Hausa ake cewa Gwani.
Daga cikin kyawawan al’adun Kanurai ababen ambato akwai girmama na gaba, zaman lafiya da kuma haƙuri da juna. Cibiyar Zaman Lafiya; wato ‘Home of Peace’ (Wikipedia, 2016; Sean, 2013; Naijaface, 2010), a Turance, ita ce inkiyar da ake yi wa Jihar Borno wadda take ita ce babbar Jihar Kanurai.
Suna:
Sunan Kanuri haɗaɗɗe ne daga wasu kalmomin Kanuri guda biyu; wato KA wadda ke da ma’ana ta sanda, da kuma NURI, mai ma’anar haske, wadda ita kuma tushenta shi ne Larabci, ‘Nur’. Waɗannan kalmomi, KA da NURI su aka haɗa suka zama Kanuri.
Dalilin samuwar wannan suna, Kanuri, kamar yadda muka sani ne cewa, a farkon lamari su Kanurai sun kasance mutane ne makiyaya masu riƙe da sanda, sannan kuma fuskarsu tana haske. Saboda haka a ƙoƙarinsu na bambance su daga cikin sauran ƙabilun gurin da suke suma makiyayan ne, sai wata ƙabila mai suna Sau suka riƙa kiransu da wannan suna Kanuri. Wato kenan idan abin mu kwatanta ne sai mu iya cewa, mutane masu kama da haske waɗanda suke riƙe da sanda.
Sai dai, Hausawa da kuma Yarabawa; amma na Ilori kawai, suna kiran su da sunaye Barebari da kuma Baruba. Abin da za a iya danganta shi da sunan da Sarkin Musulmi Muhammadu Ballo (1974), ya kira su da shi, cewa, “Waɗannan Barbar ɗin, ragowar Barbar ɗin da suka rayu ne a tsakankanin ƙasashen Arewacin Afirka da kuma Habasha.” Wannan shi ne sunan da Bahaushe ya jirkita shi zuwa Barebari, shi kuma Bayaraben Ilori ya ce, Baruba. Wannan kuma saboda kusancin su duka biyun ne da Sarkin Musulmi Muhammadu Ballo, albarkacin Jihadin Shehu Ɗanfodiye wanda Hausawa da Yarabawan duk abin ya shafe su.
Wannan suna na Kanuri, shi ne sunan da ƙabilu da yawa suke kiran su da shi. Musamman ma Sau, Larabawa, Kotoko, Sudaniyawa, Turawa, Itofiyawa, Turkawa, Mandarawa, Marghi, Babur, Karekare, Ngizem da sauransu.
Haka nan kuma ana kiran su da wasu sunayen mabambanta. Wasu ƙabilun Chadi da Sudan da suka haɗa da Najdi, Baggara da kuma Hejazi suna kiransu da suna Barnowaji; Fulani kuma suna kiran su da Kolejo.
Asali:
Magana mafi shahara ita ce cewa, Kanurai mutanen Yemen ne. Dakta Babagana Abubakar, ya faɗa a cikin muƙalarsa ta Turanci ‘Kanuri Complete’, wadda aka wallafa a shekarar 2017 a shafin Intanet na Mujallar Ƙasa-da-ƙasa mai suna ‘Research Gate’ cewa, “Kanurai sun zo ne daga Zirin Yankin Larabawa (Arabian Peninsula) sannan suka zauna a wani guri mai tazarar kusan kilomita 640 daga arewacin Tafkin Chadi wanda daga baya ya zama ƙasaitacciyar daular Kanem-Bornu”.
Sannan kuma Sarkin Musulmi Muhammad Ballo (1974), ya ce, “Waɗannan Barebarin, ragowar Barebarin da suka rayu ne a tsakankanin ƙasashen Arewacin Afirka da kuma Habasha. Su ne waɗanda Humayyar (Sunan ƙabila ne) suka kora daga Yemen.” Wanda kuma a ƙarshen bayanin nasa ya ƙare da cewa, “sannan suka gangaro Kanem, suka zaune ta.”
Rabe-raben Kanuri:
A farkon lamari, yaren Kanuri kala ɗaya ne tak! Amma sannu a hankali sakamakon yanayin siyasar rayuwa da ta haddasa gaurayuwar Kanurai da wasu baqin yarurrukan kodai ta hanyar zuwansu garuruwan Kanurai ko kuma zuwan Kanurai wasu garurwan ya haifar da hayayyafar wannan yare inda har ta kai ga an samu bambamce-bambamcen wasu kalmomi ko kuma ma canjin yaren kaco-kaf. Daga cikin rabe-raben Kanuri akwai; Wuje, Gumati, Manga, Bodoi, Kanembu, Morr, Kwayam, Suwurti, Buduma da sauransu.
Addini:
Kanurai mutane ne Musulmi. Dakta Babagana Abubakar ya ce, “Kashi ɗari ɗin Kanurai Musulmi ne waɗanda suka riqi addinin Musulunci a matsayin tafarkin rayuwarsu sannan kuma Annabi Muhammadu samfurin su.”
Gudunmawar Kanurai wajen yaɗa addinin Musulunci:
Gazali (2014), ya bayyana Kanurai a matsayin mutanen da suka bayar da gagarumar gudunmawa wajen yaɗa ilimin addinin Musulunci da harkar malunta a Afirka ta Yamma a matakin farko da kuma dukkan faɗin Afirka baki ɗaya.
Sarkin Musulmi Muhammad Ballo (1974), ya siffanta su a matsayin mutanen da Musulunci ya yi matuqar yaɗuwa a duk faɗin daularsu a tsakankani sarakunansu da waziransu da sauran jama’arsu, har ta kai ga yana faɗin cewa, “Kai! Ba za ka taɓa samun jama’a a cikin waɗannan garuruwan ba face sun himmatu da karatun Alƙur’ani da tajawidinsa (Hukunce-hukuncen karatun Alƙur’ani), haddace shi da kuma rubuta shi. Jama’ar ba su gushe haka nan ba har lokacin gudanar da wannan jihadin”. Dongane da wannan gaɓa, har ya zuwa yau ɗin nan (2021), akwai wasu unguwanni a cikin garin Maiduguri, kamar irin su Dikeciri da sauran su, waɗanda duk gidan da ka shiga ba za ka rasa mahaddacin Alƙur’ani guda ɗaya ba.
Farfesa Adu Boahen (1986), ya siffanta irin gudunmawar da Barebari suka bayar wajen yaɗa ilimin addinin Musulunci a faɗin Afirka da ma duniya baki ɗaya ta yadda ya bayar da misali da mashahurin Malami Muhammadu Mugili wanda sarkin Kano Muhammadu Rumfa ya gayyata zuwa Kano domin koyar da ilimin addinin Musulunci, kuma ya bayar da gudunmawa wajen rubuta Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Masarautar Kano.
Fitattun mutanen Kanurai:
Kanurai suna da fitattun mutane da suka riƙe manya-manyan muƙaman da suka kai har matakin shugabannin ƙasashe a duniya tun kafin shigowar Turawa Yankin Baƙaƙe har zuwa zamanin shigowar Turawa musamman kafin samun ‘yancin-kan wasu daga cikin ƙasashen Afirka kamar irin su Nijeriya da kuma bayan samun yancin kan a wasu ƙasashen kamar irin su Nijeriya, Nijar da sauran su.
Daga cikin irin waɗannan mutane waxanda suka yi fice a Nijeriya akwai Sir Kashim Ibrahim, gwamnan farko na Yankin Arewa, 1962 – 1966; Alhaji Zanna Dipcharima, Ministan Masana’antu a zamanin Sir Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa, sannan kuma Firimiyan Nijeriya na wucin-gadi; Shettima Ali Monguno, Ministan Man Fetur na farko a Nijeriya daga shekarar 1972 zuwa 1975 sannan kuma Babban Shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙasashe Masu Arzikin Man Fetur wato OPEC daga 1972 zuwa 1973; Kamsalem, Sufeto Janar na ‘Yan sandan Nijeriya na biyu 1966 – 1975; Birgediya-Janar Abba Kyari, Gwamnan Jihar Tsakiyar Arewa 1967 – 1975; Babagana Kingibe, Ministan Harkokin Ƙasashen Waje, 1993 – 1995 sannan kuma Sakataren Gwamnatin Nijeriya, 2007 – 2008; Janar Sani Abacha, Shugaban Gwamnatin Sojin Nijeriya, 1993 – 1998 da sauransu.
Sannan kuma a cikin su akwai hamshaƙan masu kuɗi na dauri kamar irin su Alhaji Mai Deribe, Sheikh Abubakar Elmiskin, Alhaji Umar Na Alhaji Lawan, Alhaji Kuli Deribe, da sauran su.
A Jamhuriyar Nijar Kuma, akwai mutane irin su Mamane Oumarou, tsohon firimiyan Nijar a shekarar 1983; Mamadou Tandja tsohon shugaban ƙasar Nijar, 1999 – 2010 da sauran su.
Tsagen Fuska:
Kanurai suna da tsagar gado a fuskarsu. Wannan tsaga ta su kuwa guda tara ce da suke yin ɗaya a tsakiyar goshi, wacce take farawa daga farkon goshi ta sama har zuwa ƙarshen ƙasan doron hanci, sai guda biyu-biyu a kan kumatu, da kuma ƙarin wasu guda biyu-biyu a ɓarin dama da hagu na fuska, sannan kuma dukkan tsagogin nasu dogaye ne. Kalli fuskar Marigayi Janar Abacha a matsayin misali.
Guraren da ake samun Kanurai a Duniya:
Kanurai sun fi yawa a Arewacin Nijeriya inda suke da Jihohi biyu; Borno da Yobe tare da zamowar garin Maiduguri a matsayin babban birninsu. Haka nan kuma akan same su a Yammacin Nijar, jihar Zinder; Kudu-Maso-Gabashin Chadi; Arewacin Kamaru. Sannan kuma akwai su ‘yan kaɗan a Kudancin Libiya; warwatse a Sudan da kuma Jamhuriyar Gabon.
Bayan waɗannan gurare kuma ana samun Kanurai a garuruwan Lafiyan Barebari, cikin jihar Nasarawa; garin Tofa, Kano duk a cikin jihar Kano; Zariya a jihar Kaduna; Gwaram, Dutse, Haɗeja, Kirikasamma, Mallam Madori duk a cikin jihar Jigawa da kuma sauran guraren da ƙididdige su yake da wahala.