Assalam alaikum. Ina yi wa Edita barka da wannan rana, Allah ya ƙara basira da ɗaukaka, ya kuma albarkaci jaridar Blueprint Manhaja.
A wannan zamani namu na yau, yawan baƙin ciki da damuwa, wato depression and anxiety, a Turance, sun yi yawa kwarai a cikin al’umma, musamman ma matasa. Daga nan na san wasu za su fara tuanin cewa, “idan da kuɗi, komai zai tafi daidai”, wanda ba haka al’amarin yake ba. Dalilai da dama kan haifarwa mutane – yara ƙanana, da matasa, kai harma tsoffi na shiga halayya na damuwa da baƙin ciki. Hakan kan iya ta’azzara ya zame musu cututtuka da suka shafi kwakwalwa wanda ke iya yin mummunar tasiri a rayuwarsu.
Matasa kamar ’yan makaranta irin jami’o’i da sauran manyan makarantu sun fi kowa shiga irin wannan matsala. Domin kuwa basu yi hankalin da manya ke da shi ba na iya juriya da irin yanayi na rayuwa da kan sami mutum. Za ka ga cewa daga zarar wani ɗan matsala ta damuwa ko vacin rai ya same su sai su bi su kwallafa abin a ransu har ya zame musu irin wannan cutar na depression da anxiety.
Wai shin ya ya yawaitar wannan cutar ta baƙin ciki (depression) ya ke ne?
A wani bincike da aka yi ba da jimawa ba a wani mujallar lafiya ta ƙasar Amurka mai suna ‘American Journal of Psychiatry’ a Turance, an bayyana wasu ƙididdiga masu ban mamakin gaske game da wannan matsala. A faɗin wannan binciken, yawan yara ’yan makarantan sakandare har izuwa matasa da ke gaba da sakandare masu fama da wannan cuta ta depression ya yi tashin gwauron zaɓi. Ƙididdigar ya ce, alƙaluman sun tashi daga kashi 3.3% cikin 100 har izuwa 7.06% cikin 100 daga shekarar 1991 zuwa shekarar 2020 — shekara ashirin ke nan idan shekarar 2020 ta tsaya. Ƙarin da aka samu ya kusan tasarma kashi 50% ke nan cikin ɗari duk a cikin shekaru ashirin.
Me ke janwo ciwon baƙin ciki ne?
- Shiga wani tashin hankali da kan taɓa kwakwalwa ko ma jiki (mental or physical trauma).
- Samun koma baya ko kuma rashin nasara a rayuwa.
- Sakin aure ko kuma rashin wani masoyi, misali, rashin ɗan uwa haka.
- Yawan shiga matsala da tashin kanlali (stress and tension).
- Mutumin da ya fuskanci cin zarafi da ya shafi fyaɗe ko makamancin hakan (wannan kan shafi mace ko namiji).
- Kyankyani da ke farawa daga yaranta da kuma tsoro na ba gaira babu dalili (phobias and irrational fear).
- Cin zarafi da wasu kan fuskanta a cikin gida, wato domestic violence, a Turance.
Yaya ake gane mutum na fama da ciwon baƙin ciki?
Gano mutum mai fama da ciwon baƙin ciki abu ne mai wuya, saboda yawanci mutane basu son bayyana damuwarsu ga idon duniya. Sai ka ga mutum na farin ciki da nuna jin daɗi a filli, amma a ciki labarin daban ya ke. Amma tabbas in har wannan cutar ta tsananta, alamu zai fara nuni a jikin mai ɗauke da ita. Ga wasu daga cikin alamun cutar:
- Rama mai tsanani ko kuma ƙarin ƙiba cikin lokaci ƙanƙani.
- Mutum ya riƙa jin rashin daɗin zuciyarsa, ko baya iya ɗaukan mataki (indecisiveness), ko kuma jin takaici da makamantan waxannan yanayi.
- Rashin ganin darajar kai (low self-esteem) da kuma rashin iya tavuka abin kirki.
- Rashin bacci ko kuma yawan baccin.
- Rashin jin daɗin abinci, ko fama da kasala da yawan rashin lafiya.
Ya ya za a magance wannan matsala?
- Neman taimako ta hanyar zuwa asibiti (medical help).
Tabbas, ba yadda za a yi ace mutum ya magance depression ba tare da neman taimakon ƙwararru ba. Ƙwararre zai taimakawa mutum wajen samun waraka daga cutar sannan kuma zai iya ba da taimakon da zai kare faruwan hakan a gaba.
- Ta hanyar yin aromatherapy:
Shi wannan hanyar ana bin shine wajen amfani da essential oils masu lausasa jiki da kuma abubuwan ƙamshi masu kwantar da zuciya (calming fragrances) don ƙirƙiro yanayin da zai ba da kwanciyar hankali da natsuwa. Mutum na iya fesa irin waɗannan mai ɗin (essential oils) a cikin gida, da kuma kan matashi (pillow) ko kuma fesa shi ta hanyar amfani da injin diffuser. Mayukan da akafi amfani da su a wannan hanyar na aromatherapy sun haɗa da; lavender, da rose, da sandal da kuma eucalyptus oils.
Ana iya samun su a shagunan saida turare da mai kusan ko ina. Ga hoton wasu daga cikin waɗannan mayukan a ƙasa:
- Ta hanyar talk therapy da psychotherapy;
Wannan hanyar, na psychotherapy ko talk therapy, ita ma wata hanya ce da ake bi wajen magance wannan yanayi na depression. A ita wannan hanyar, mara lafiya zai riqa amayar da cikinsa ne, wato zai riƙa yin zance duk wata damuwa ta sa da duk wani abinda ke zuciyarsa ga psychologist na shi. Anan aikin shi psychologist ɗin shine ƙoƙarin fahimtar matsalar da ke damun mara lafiya ta hanyar lura da halayansa (behaviour) don ganin matakin da ya kamata a bi don shawo kan matsalar. Ana sa ran wannan maganar da mara lafiyar ya yi zai rage tsananin wannan cuta harma in an yi sa’a ya zame masa hanyar waraka gaba ɗaya. Duk da cewa wasu na ko kwanton ko wannan hanyar na psychotherapy na amfani, amma dai akwai tsammanin cewa idan aka haɗa wannan hanyar da magani, da yardar Allah mutum zai samu lafiya.
- Ta hanyar art therapy:
Yawaita yin zane (drawing) da kuma yin coloring, haka zalika da sauraren waƙe (music) sune hanyar art da ake cewa suna sanya mutum farin ciki da samun wadatar zuci. Suna naƙasa kwayan hormone nan mai suna cortisol, wadda ke sa mutum shiga damuwa. Sannan suna bunƙasa hormone na farin ciki kamar su dopamine da kuma serotonin.
Bin wannan hanyar zai haifar da farin ciki da annashuwa wadda zai iya magance wannan yanayi na depression.
Za mu cigaba a mako mai zuwa, Insha Allah.
Wassalm. Wasiqa daga MUSTAPHA MUSA MUHAMMAD, ɗalibi a fannin karatun Injiniyancin Sinadarai (Chemical Engineering) a Jami’ar Federal Polytechnic Kaduna, 09123302968.