Daga MAHDI M. MUHAMMAD
Babu shakka batun wayar salula abu ne da ya dabaibaye Duniya a halin yanzu. Da dai kafin zuwan wayar Salula, Mutane suna rayuwarsu ne hankalinsu a kwance, amma yanzu da wayar Salula ta zama ruwan-dare game Duniya, babu wanda ya ke so ya rayu ba tare da ita ba.
To shin zargi zamu yi ko kuma godiya ga wanda ya ƙirƙiro mana da wannan abu, wanda ya ke cinye wa mutane kuɗi? To imma dai zargin ne ko kuma yabon, to wanda za a zarga ko kuma a yaba shine Dakta Martin Cooper.
Shi dai Dr. Cooper ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne, kuma an haife shi ranar 26 ga Disamba, 1928. Ya girma a garin cikago kuma ya yi digiri a fannin Injiniyan lantarki. A shekarar 1954 ne, kamfanin Motorola ya ɗauki hayarsa, inda ya yi wa kamfanin aiki wajen samar da ’yan-madaidaitan kayayyaki, musamman ma dai na sadarwa.
Daga cikin abubuwan da ya yi wa wannan kamfani har da rediyon hannu ta sadarwa tsakanin ’yan sanda. Kai shine ma mutumin da ya fara yin irin wannan rediyo ta sadarwa a Duniya, a shekara 1967. Daga nan ne ya zama shugaban bincike na wayar salula a kamfanin na Motorola.
To Dakta Martin Cooper ya samar da wayar Salula a 1973, lokacin da yake aiki da kamfanin Motorola, a haƙiƙa shine Mutumin da ya samu nasarar yin kira na farko a Duniya ta amfani da wayar Salula.
Kuma ya yi wannan kira ne daga wani wajen hada-hadar Mutane a garin New York, Ranar 3, ga watan Afrilu, 1973. In da ya kira wani abokin hamayyarsa ya ce da shi, “Joe ina kiranka ne da wata na’urar wayar Salula ta hannu ’yar madaidaiciya.’’
Bayan shekaru 10 da ƙirƙiro ta ne, aka fara sayar da wayar ta Salula a kasuwa, lokacin da kamfanin Motorola ya fara fito da ita akan farashi na $3,500. Amma abin mamaki duk da waɗannan maqudan kuɗi na wayar ta Salula a wancan lokaci, amma ba tare da wani tsawon lokaci ba, sai wannan sabuwar fasaha ta samu karvuwa ka’in da na’in.
A ɗaya ɓangaren kuma, wani masanin kimiyya da fasaha mai suna John Taylor a shekarar alif 1884 ya fara ƙirƙiro na’uran tarho, wanda aka fi sani da suna telephone. Lafazin kalmar telephone ya samo asali ne daga yaren Greek wato girkawa, sannan kalmar shi telephone yana ɗauke ne da kalmomi guda biyu, wato tele da kuma phone.
Idan aka ce ‘tele’ a yaren girka ana nufin daga nesa, shi kuwa kalmar phone ya samo asali ne daga kalmar phonie wanda shima a salinsa daga wannan yare na greek ne, inda ya ke nufi murya. Dubi tarihin kimiyyar na’uran fanka.
Kalmar telephone yana nufin murya da nesa idan ka fassara kalmar haka zai baka. A lokacin da aka ƙirƙiro na’urar tarho anyi amfani ne da zaren igiya tare da wani abu kamar abin busa na sarewa, wanda idan mutum yayi magana a lokacin shi wannan igiyar zai girgiza kaɗan ta yadda shima wancan mai sauraren igiyar zai girgiza masa ta yadda shima abin sarewar yana kunnensa don haka girgizan da igiyar yayi to shi zai sa abin sarewar ya fitar da sautin muryan ɗan adam. Wannan kimiyyar ana kiran shi da suna ‘Mechanical wave’ a Turance.
A shekarar 1876 wani masanin kimiyyar latironiks ɗan ƙasar Scotland mai suna Alexander Graham ya qƙirƙiro na’uran tarho mai amfani da lantarki wanda ta ke fitar da sautin muryar mutum a karo na farko. A wancan locakin duniya tayi sambarka da wannan fasaha. Amma sai dai shi wannan tarho ba ya da abin danna wa wajen neman wanda za a kira.
Sai a shekarar 1970 aka ƙirƙiro telephone wanda ya ke da wajen murɗawa wanda shi ke matsayin wajen zaɓen wanda za a kira. Shi wannan abin murɗawan ana kiranshi da suna ‘rotary dialer’ a Turance. Amma a lokacin waɗannan tarho suna amfani ne da waya wanda ke kai sako na sabis.
Akan yi magana ne tsakanin mutumin da kuke zaune gida ɗaya ko kuma maƙota da juna. Sannan ba dama ka ɗauki tarho ɗin ka fita da ita waje sabo da girmanta da kuma nauyinta.
A shekarar 1973, aka ƙirƙiro tarho wanda ake iya riƙe ta aje ko ina da ita wanda ake kiranta da Hausa ‘tafi da gidanka’. Sannan da Turanci ana kiranta da suna ‘handheld telephone’.
A shekarar 1980, wani kamfanin latironiks da ke ƙasar Amurka ya ƙirƙiro wayar tarho mai amfani da wajen dannawa wato mai nambobi wanda aka fi sani da suna ‘Dail pads’ a Turance. Wannan cigaba bai tsaya nan ba.
Domin a dalilin cigaban da aka samu na kimiyyar ilimin rediyo, TV, da kuma koyin wuta da su kwamfuta. Hakan ya sa da yawa daga cikin masana kimiyar latironiks suka yi ta bada ta su gudumawa wajen inganta fasahar na’urar tarho na tafi da gidanka.
A shekarar 1991 aka sami kimiyyar sabis na wayar salula wanda ake kiranshi da suna 2G sabis wanda a Turance ana kiranshi da suna digital network wanda a ƙara ƙaddamar da shi a ƙasar Finland.
A shekarar 2000, kimiyyar wayar salula ya bazu ta yadda an ƙawata wayoyi suna ɗauke da damar tura saƙon SMS, MMS, Email, internet access, da kuma Video Game.
A shekarar 2001, sai aka ƙaddamar da 3G sabis wanda wani ci gaba ne a kimiyyar wayar salula wanda ya ke bawa wayar salula damar kallon bidiyo a shafuka na intanet da sauran wasu aikace-aikace wanda wayar salula za ta sami damar yin su cikin sauri.
A shekarar 2009 , aka sake ƙaddamar da wani sabis mai ƙarfi wanda ya fi 3G sabis wanda ana kiransa da suna 4G sabis. Shi wannan sabis na 4G yana da kyau ainin wanda ya ƙara kawo cigaba na wayoyin zamani.
A halin da ake ciki, an sami ci gaba na kimiyyar wayoyin zamani ta yadda kana gida za ka iyayin waya da mutum kana ganinshi haka shima yana ganinka. Sannan an ƙirƙiro wayoyin komi da ruwanka wanda suna da dumbin aikace-aikace wanda za su iyayi maka.
Babu shakka anaso amaida wayar salula abar more wa na rayuwa. Sai dai ansami ƙorafe-ƙorafe a vangarori na ƙasashen duniya cewa, bayyanar wayar salula yana gaba-gaba wajen vata tarbiyan yara da matasa sannan ya taimaka musu wajen rashin maida hankali wajen sha’anin karatunsu.